{"id":10018,"date":"2005-10-14T12:20:10","date_gmt":"2005-10-14T12:20:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ww.closky.info\/?p=10018"},"modified":"2018-06-01T12:13:22","modified_gmt":"2018-06-01T12:13:22","slug":"michel-gauthier-a-message-in-the-decor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/?p=10018","title":{"rendered":"Michel Gauthier > \u2018A Message In The Decor\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a id=\"english\" name=\"english\"><\/a><a href=\"#french\"><span class=\"caption\">Lire la version originale en fran&ccedil;ais<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>A MESSAGE IN THE DECOR<\/p>\n<p>Michel Gauthier<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn &#8216;Prix Marcel Duchamp 2005&#8217;, Un-deux&#8230; quatre Editions, 2006. Translated from French by Elizabeth Thomas.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8230; Figures, graphs, tables, ratings, opinion polls, surveys, Statistical brackets, extrapolations, syntheses, consulting, rates, percentages, ratios, e-mails, teasers, online music, animations, sounds&#8230; Nowadays nothing is explained, everything is being sent, everything is in circulation.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Michka Assayas, <i>Exhibition<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"anchor1\" name=\"anchor1\"><\/a>As we are well aware, the myth of the autonomous work of art has enjoyed a long life. On the one hand, there are elements situated within the same space that influence its perception: from the cartel to the architecture via, if needs be the other works present. On the other hand, various messages, distanced from it, outside of the exhibition space, also rule its execution: interviews with the artist, for instance<a title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref1\" href=\"#_1\">[1]<\/a>. Claude Closky has indulged in this exercise several times.&nbsp; So don&rsquo;t let&rsquo;s pretend to believe that it is possible to consider his work independently from his own observations about it.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">Olivier Zahm:&nbsp; What is your work&rsquo;s point of departure?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClaude Closky: &#x2026; I have always wanted to use a medium that is the tool for reading the medium itself (&ldquo;Ma petite entreprise&rdquo;, <em>Purple Prose<\/em> n&deg;7, September 1995, pp. 24-27).<\/font><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"anchor2\" name=\"anchor2\"><\/a>At the beginning, that is to say right at the very end of the 1980s, therefore after the luminary episode of the Fr&egrave;res Ripoulin<a title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref2\" href=\"#_2\">[2]<\/a>, there was the tropism of the art towards itself, the attraction of an art questioning its own status. There was, in other words, a profound affinity with that very particular moment in the history of 20<sup>th<\/sup> century art: conceptual art. Closky, whenever the constitutive elements of the aesthetics that are going to allow him to officially enter the artistic scene are put into place, is the obvious heir to artists such as Robert Barry, Douglas Hueblers, On Kawara, Joseph Kosuth, Lawrence Weiner and Art &amp; Language, to mention only the most empowered spokespeople of an art that defines itself as the self-investigation of an art attached solely to the promotion of its concept.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">CC: I wonder what I am going to be able to do&#8230; I say to myself that I really have no idea. And I use this incapacity to do whatever may be in order to do something. (Idem).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nevertheless, a big difference has now been introduced. If conceptual art professes to be self-referential, it is because, fundamentally, it is the offspring of modernism, the offspring of a theory launching art in quest of its essence.&nbsp; Quite simply, there where the orthodox modernists exhibit the raw material constituents of painting, conceptual artists find solely within language, the privileged medium of the concept, the final parameter, denouncing the material as an obstacle in the dialogue that the work must entertain with itself. Certainly, words have replaced acrylic paint, but the quest is the same. Ryman and Kosuth are, fundamentally, interdependent. But Closky&rsquo;s&nbsp; taste for self-reference is for an entirely different reason. Not the essentialist motion, but a palliative to idleness. We might remember the magnificent scene in&nbsp; <i>Pierrot le fou<\/i> (1965) in which Marianne (Anna Karina), strolling along a beach, her feet in the water, endlessly repeating to herself: &ldquo;What can I do? I don&rsquo;t know what to do&#8230;&rdquo;, while Ferdinand (Jean-Paul Belmondo) is trying to write. Closky&rsquo;s conceptualism is an answer to the type of questions formulated by Marianne. <a id=\"anchor3\" name=\"anchor3\"><\/a>When the work does not manage to happen, he is saying that this incapacity is its only chance of ever existing.&nbsp; Yet seizing this opportunity is not as easy as one might imagine, because, as Fr&eacute;d&eacute;ric Paul has so rightly pointed out, &ldquo;you need strong self-confidence to meet the challenge of turning the gross absence of any project into a project&rdquo;<a title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref3\" href=\"#_3\">[3]<\/a>. It still remains that Closky&rsquo;s style of self-referentiality has very little to do with that of a Kosuth. The &ldquo;<i>five words in orange neon<\/i>&rdquo;, the <i>blow-up<\/i> of a dictionary definition giving the <i>meaning<\/i> are followed by <i>Le 2 de 25<\/i> (1991) or <i>Un 8 qui ne fait pas partie de 88<\/i> (1994). The <i>Date Paintings<\/i> by On Kawara had already begun to disturb the self-referential purity of the conceptual message by giving the date, in fact of no interest whatsoever, of their making.&nbsp;&nbsp; Some of these pieces are even joined with a press cutting giving that day&rsquo;s world news, thus linking, in a way peculiar to Closky, the fate of conceptual art with the world of the media.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Joseph_Kosuth,_Five_Words_in_Orange_Neon,_1965.jpg\" alt=\"Joseph Kosuth, Five Words in Orange Neon, 1965\" width=\"400\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Joseph Kosuth, &#8216;Five Words in Orange Neon&#8217;, 1965<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Le_2_de_25.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Le 2 de 25 [The 2 from 25], 1991\" width=\"400\"\/><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Le 2 de 25 [The 2 from 25]&#8217;, 1991,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tballpoint pen on paper, 30 x 24 cm<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Un_8_qui_ne_fait_pas_partie_de_88.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Un 8 qui ne fait pas partie de 88 [An 8 that is not part of 88], 1994\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Un 8 qui ne fait pas partie de 88 [An 8 that is not part of 88]&#8217;, 1994,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tballpoint pen on paper, 30 x 24 cm<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">Yayoi Kojima: What is your concept of &ldquo;Art&rdquo;?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCC: For me, art is about looking at and revealing one&rsquo;s surroundings (<i>Dune<\/i> n&deg; 18, October 1999, pp. 64-69).<\/font><\/p>\n<p>Whether this is the most seriously and the most literally of all as with Kosuth, or without fear of the absurd as with Closky, the work has come to comment on itself. This means that the border between the work and its commentary, between the text and the paratext, is radically called into question again.&nbsp; Here lies one of those paradoxes of history: an art aiming to get closer to its essence once again and which, in order to do this, by way of language, manages to resemble that which it is not: a text about art. Thusly, the work stands out more in the media than as an art object. It <i>communicates<\/i> about itself. It is on this point that a certain mutation in Closky&rsquo;s work comes into play: the passage of a diverted conceptualism to the enterprise of a discursive and iconic exhibition of decor into which we plunge contemporary society. After idleness, a pretext to an anti-authoritarian reflexivity, comes the exhibition of the media&rsquo;s hyperactivity. It is essential to grasp the logic of this transition in order to properly follow the development of this work. At the risk of making a slightly exaggerated kind of simplification, we may say that the movement which has lead art, in order to better define its essence, to become its own commentary, has resulted in transforming it into one of these means of&nbsp; communication that tightly weave the social space. Moreover, viewed from this angle a parallel may be drawn. Just as painting by making itself abstract or monochromatic has enabled us to see, through a relationship become disturbing, the wall on which it is hung, art by making itself conceptual and linguistic has directed attention towards the signs of the same nature that saturate our environment.&nbsp; And, just as artists like Michael Asher or Daniel Buren have revealed and questioned the architectural space where the work takes place, Closky stages the theatre of words and images in which, whether we want it or not, are written the signs of art.&nbsp; In short, in both cases (the abstraction and the conceptual episode), it is his self-referential determination which, in singular fashion, has made art emerge from itself.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">Philippe Vergne: Would you rather spend vacation in Corpus Christi (Texas) with Andy Warhol or in Bali with Naomi Campbell, and why?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCC: As Neiman Marcus&reg; says: &ldquo;Art provides great table conversation&rdquo;, but as Clairol&reg; advises: &ldquo;I will follow my &ldquo;Natural Instincts&reg;&rdquo; and invite Naomi to come with me to Bali.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPV: Do you believe in high and low?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCC: I believe in ultra-high hydration cream and extra-low calorie yogurt.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPV: The eighties are coming back, so what do you fear the most about that?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCC: I am afraid that &ldquo;Beauty is timeless,&rdquo; as Max Factor&reg; puts it, and that &ldquo;Tomorrow never dies.&rdquo; as Omega&reg; predicts!<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(Conversation with Philippe Vergne for the Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 1999)<\/font><\/p>\n<p>Therefore, a logical movement leads from an art which devotes itself to delivering information about itself, which takes charge of its own mediation, its own mediatization, to an art interested in the flux of information, in the hyperactivity of the contemporary media.&nbsp; Closky&rsquo;s work enlightens a sequence, whose importance depends on what he quite simply allows to create a new dialect about the connection between conceptual art and pop art.&nbsp; To put it briefly: to a certain extent, conceptual art made itself pop, when, seeking to communicate about itself in a self-reflective frenzy inherited from modernism, it quite naturally encountered the techniques of communication, advertising and logos, etc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">Nelly Kapri&egrave;lian: How do you work on your books (your&nbsp;&ldquo;texts&rdquo;)?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCC: I assemble certain types of contemporary statements like decorative elements in a frieze.&nbsp; (Conversation with Nelly Kapri&egrave;lian for <i>Les Inrockuptibles <\/i>n&deg; 388, the 7th May 2003, p. 78).<\/font><\/p>\n<p>Closky has made a wallpaper entitled <i>Untitled<\/i> (<i>Nasdaq<\/i>, 2003), comprised of tables of names of stocks and shares, of data and other percentages going up or down. By presenting this financial information in the form of a decorative element, the artist allows us to understand that without us noticing perhaps, they have already become the decor of our lives This is also the sense of the tables playing with the codes of abstraction and which propose as patterns those provided by the graphs and graphics of financial analysts. Although Closky uses these forms, because they certainly provide the matter for highly credible pictorial compositions, it is also and especially because it is perfectly logical to transform the patterns and motifs that now decorate the social space into beautiful ornamental paintings. As in Time Square, where one of the corners of the Conde Nast Building &#8211; general headquarters of a publishing and press house which contributes to the planetary dumping of images, but which is also the headquarters of the Nasdaq &#8211; has been grafted with a huge eleven storey cylinder covered in a screen which permanently displays all of the stock exchange news indexes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_UntitledNASDAQ_MUDA1b.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Untitled (NASDAQ), 2003\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Untitled (NASDAQ)&#8217;, 2003,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\twallpaper, silkscreen print.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">Nico: VILLE&nbsp;?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCC: Laas Veegaas. (<i>Nico<\/i>, May 2005, p. 40.)<\/font><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"anchor4\" name=\"anchor4\"><\/a>At a certain level of saturation, the flux of information also metamorphoses into decor. As Bruce B&eacute;gout has demonstrated in his remarkable little work, <i>Z&eacute;ropolis<\/i>, Las Vegas is a town in which televised images, advertising and other <i>entertainment news<\/i> function like a veritable urban decor even like architecture, a town which &ldquo;has put television screens on the walls of the buildings&rdquo; <a title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref4\" href=\"#_4\">[4]<\/a>. In short, Closky&rsquo;s art probably allows us to develop a little further the famous phrase by McLuhan. Indeed, if the message is the medium and if the medium is the decor, then logically the message is the decor &#8211; it is the background noise.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">CC: I see two ways of creating a critical distance with the models that run our daily life. Counter them with a new discourse in order to contradict them or follow their logic and make it exciting to an absurd degree. As an artist, I can only choose the second method. (Conversation with Elisabeth Milon for <i>Livres d&#8217;enfances<\/i>, Centre national du Livre d&#8217;Artiste, 2001).<\/font><\/p>\n<p>But what is, therefore, a message changed into a decorative element? Would it not be a message that is a victim of a formalist man&#x0153;uvre?&nbsp; Not because it would see itself subjected to a particular and inevitable putting into form, but because, in the situation simultaneously influential and peripheral of a decor, it is capable of a perception similar to that reserved for a pure form, in the tendentious neglect of any sense. We see there that by developing itself in an exponential manner, the mediatic sphere also threatens its foundations. Too much message kills the message. This is why Closky, rather than produce a criticism in due form, chooses to amplify the movement, to push the logic to the stage where it ceases to be one. Thus, by reinforcing this formalist drift, by collecting, classifying, juxtaposing this innumerable amount of information, Closky&rsquo;s art engenders a real hesitation on the part of the spectator, the kind that provokes the decorative mutation of the message.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">Ana&iuml;d Demir: Are TV images and sounds akin to wallpaper?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCC: Often. (in &ldquo;Paroles d&#8217;artiste&nbsp;&rdquo;, <i>Le Journal des Arts<\/i> n&deg; 223, the 21st October 2005, p.13.)<\/font><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"anchor5\" name=\"anchor5\"><\/a>Undoubtedly, there is one wallpaper that Closky will never make, but which, in a way, would not be totally illegitimate with regard to his aesthetics. A wallpaper which would reproduce the critical prose devoted to this work. This also swells the mediatic background noises and cannot escape a decorative destiny. The work is not autonomous &#8211; nothing is any more &#8211; but everything happens in a singular manner as if the mode of circulation of messages which affect its reception reduces them to something like &ldquo;boloney&rdquo; or fiddlesticks&rdquo; &#8211; <i>bla-bla-bla, tagada et turlututu<a title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref5\" href=\"#_5\"><em>[5]<\/em><\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Blabla_mudam_01.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Bla bla [Blah-blah]')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Blabla_mudam_01.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Bla bla [Blah-blah], 1998\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Bla bla [Blah-blah]&#8217;, 1998,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tgreen and yellow electronic led sign, computer, unlimited duration, 46 x 288 x 8 cm<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Tagada_et_turlututu.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Tagada et Turlututu')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Tagada_et_turlututu.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Tagada et Turlututu, 1991\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Tagada et Turlututu&#8217;, 1991,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tartist&rsquo;s publication, black and white photocopy, 102 pages, 21 x 15 cm<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i>&nbsp;<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_1\" name=\"_1\"><\/a>[1] <a href=\"#franchor1\">It is to G&eacute;rard Genette (<i>Seuils<\/i>, Paris, &Eacute;d. du Seuil, 1987) that we owe this decomposition of the <i>paratexte<\/i> in <i>p&eacute;ritexte,<\/i> paratextual elements placed within the very space of the volume) and <i>&eacute;pitexte<\/i> (paratextual elements situated elsewhere).<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_2\" name=\"_2\"><\/a>[2] <a href=\"#anchor2\">Collectif, situated within the movement of artists such as Keith Haring or Kenny Scharf, of which Closky was one of the founders 1984.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_3\" name=\"_3\"><\/a>[3] <a href=\"#anchor3\">F. Paul, <i>Claude Closky<\/i>, Paris, Hazan,&nbsp;1999, p. 10.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[<a id=\"_4\" name=\"_4\"><\/a>4] <a href=\"#anchor4\">B. B&eacute;gout, <i>Z&eacute;ropolis<\/i>, Paris, &Eacute;ditions Allia, 2002, p. 123.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_5\" name=\"_5\"><\/a>[5] <a href=\"#anchor5\"><i>Bla-bla<\/i>&#8211;<i>bla <\/i>(1998) consists of a luminous billboard running a series of stereotyped phrases that compose, in green and in yellow, a dialogue becoming rapidly incomprehensible to the spectator.&nbsp; <i>Tagada et turlututu<\/i> (1991) is a&nbsp; publication of 102 pages presenting the multiple ways of combining the syllables making up these two rich words.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<a id=\"french\" name=\"french\"><\/a><a id=\"french\" name=\"french\"><a href=\"#english\"><span class=\"caption\">Read English translation<\/span><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n<p>UN MESSAGE DANS LE D&Eacute;COR<\/p>\n<p>Michel Gauthier<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn &#8216;Prix Marcel Duchamp 2005&#8217;, Un-deux&#8230; quatre Editions, 2006.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8230; des chiffres, des courbes, des tableaux, des indices, des sondages, des &eacute;tudes, des fourchettes, des extrapolations, des synth&egrave;ses, des conseils, des taux, des pourcentages, des ratios, des mails, des teasers, de la musique en ligne, des animations, des sons&#8230; D&eacute;sormais rien ne s&rsquo;explique, tout s&rsquo;envoie, tout circule.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Michka Assayas, <i>Exhibition<\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"franchor1\" name=\"franchor1\"><\/a>On le sait, le mythe de l&rsquo;&#x0153;uvre d&rsquo;art autonome a fait long feu. D&rsquo;une part, des &eacute;l&eacute;ments situ&eacute;s dans le m&ecirc;me espace qu&rsquo;elle influencent sa perception : du cartel &agrave; l&rsquo;architecture en passant, le cas &eacute;ch&eacute;ant, par les autres &#x0153;uvres pr&eacute;sentes. D&rsquo;autre part, divers messages, &agrave; distance d&rsquo;elle, &agrave; l&rsquo;ext&eacute;rieur de l&rsquo;espace d&rsquo;exposition, r&egrave;glent &eacute;galement sa saisie : les interviews d&rsquo;artiste, par exemple<a title=\"\" name=\"_ftnref1\" href=\"#_fr1\">[1]<\/a>. Claude Closky s&rsquo;est plusieurs fois livr&eacute; &agrave; cet exercice. Ne feignons pas de croire qu&rsquo;il soit possible de consid&eacute;rer son &#x0153;uvre ind&eacute;pendamment des propos qu&rsquo;il a tenus sur elle.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">&#8211; Olivier Zahm :&nbsp; Quel est le point de d&eacute;part de ton travail ?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&#8211; Claude Closky : &#8230; J&rsquo;ai toujours eu envie d&rsquo;utiliser un m&eacute;dium qui soit l&rsquo;outil pour lire le m&eacute;dium lui-m&ecirc;me. ( &ldquo; Ma petite entreprise &rdquo;, <i>Purple Prose<\/i>, n&deg;7, septembre 1995, pp. 24-27).<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"franchor2\" name=\"franchor2\"><\/a>Au d&eacute;but, c&rsquo;est-&agrave;-dire &agrave; l&rsquo;extr&ecirc;me fin des ann&eacute;es 1980, apr&egrave;s donc l&rsquo;&eacute;pisode liminaire des Fr&egrave;res Ripoulin<a href=\"#_fr2\">[2]<\/a>, il y aurait le tropisme de l&rsquo;art vers lui-m&ecirc;me, l&rsquo;attrait d&rsquo;un art s&rsquo;interrogeant sur son statut. Il y aurait, en d&rsquo;autres termes, une profonde affinit&eacute; avec ce moment particulier de l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;art du XXe si&egrave;cle qu&rsquo;est l&rsquo;art conceptuel. Closky, lorsque se mettent en place les &eacute;l&eacute;ments constitutifs de l&rsquo;esth&eacute;tique qui va lui permettre d&rsquo;entrer officiellement sur la sc&egrave;ne artistique, est &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;vidence l&rsquo;h&eacute;ritier des Robert Barry, Douglas Huebler, On Kawara, Joseph Kosuth Lawrence Weiner et Art &amp; Language, pour ne citer que les porte-parole les plus autoris&eacute;s d&rsquo;un art qui se d&eacute;finit &agrave; enqu&ecirc;ter sur lui-m&ecirc;me, d&rsquo;un art attach&eacute; &agrave; la seule promotion de son concept.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">&#8211; CC : Je me demande ce que je vais bien pouvoir faire&#8230; Je me dis que je n&rsquo;ai vraiment aucune id&eacute;e. Et je me sers de cette incapacit&eacute; &agrave; faire quoi que ce soit pour pouvoir faire quelque chose. (Idem)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Toutefois, une diff&eacute;rence de taille s&rsquo;est introduite. Si l&rsquo;art conceptuel se veut auto-r&eacute;f&eacute;rentiel, c&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;il est au fond l&rsquo;enfant du modernisme, l&rsquo;enfant d&rsquo;une th&eacute;orie lan&ccedil;ant l&rsquo;art &agrave; la recherche de son essence. Simplement, l&agrave; o&ugrave; les modernistes orthodoxes exhibent les constituants mat&eacute;riels premiers de la peinture, les artistes conceptuels ne trouvent que dans le langage, m&eacute;dium privil&eacute;gi&eacute; du concept, le param&egrave;tre de derni&egrave;re instance, d&eacute;non&ccedil;ant la mati&egrave;re comme un obstacle dans le dialogue que l&rsquo;&#x0153;uvre doit entretenir avec elle-m&ecirc;me. Les mots ont certes remplac&eacute; l&rsquo;acrylique, mais la qu&ecirc;te est la m&ecirc;me. Ryman et Kosuth sont fondamentalement solidaires. Avec Closky, le go&ucirc;t de l&rsquo;auto-r&eacute;f&eacute;rence a une tout autre raison. Non point la motion essentialiste, mais un&nbsp; palliatif au d&eacute;s&#x0153;uvrement. On se souvient de la magnifique sc&egrave;ne de <i>Pierrot le fou<\/i> (1965) dans laquelle Marianne (Anna Karina), d&eacute;ambulant sur une plage, les pieds dans l&rsquo;eau, r&eacute;p&egrave;te inlassablement : &ldquo; Qu&rsquo;est-ce que j&rsquo;peux faire ? j&rsquo;sais pas quoi faire&#8230; &rdquo;, pendant que Ferdinand (Jean-Paul Belmondo) essaye d&rsquo;&eacute;crire. Le conceptualisme de Closky est une r&eacute;ponse &agrave; des interrogations du type de celle que formule Marianne. <a id=\"franchor3\" name=\"franchor3\"><\/a>Quand l&rsquo;&#x0153;uvre ne parvient pas &agrave; advenir, dire cette incapacit&eacute; est sa seule chance de jamais exister. Saisir cette chance n&rsquo;est d&rsquo;ailleurs pas aussi facile qu&rsquo;on pourrait l&rsquo;imaginer, car, comme l&rsquo;a justement soulign&eacute; Fr&eacute;d&eacute;ric Paul, &ldquo; il faut avoir une solide confiance en soi pour tenir la gageure de tourner en projet la crasse absence de tout projet &rdquo;<a href=\"#_fr3\">[3]<\/a>. Toujours est-il que&nbsp; l&rsquo;auto-r&eacute;f&eacute;rentialit&eacute; selon Closky n&rsquo;a pas grand-chose &agrave; voir avec celle d&rsquo;un Kosuth. Aux cinq n&eacute;ons orange qui inscrivent &ldquo; <i>five words in orange neon<\/i> &rdquo;, au <i>blow-up<\/i> d&rsquo;une d&eacute;finition de dictionnaire donnant le sens de <i>meaning<\/i> succ&egrave;dent <i>Le 2 de 25<\/i> (1991) ou <i>Un 8 qui ne fait pas partie de 88<\/i> (1994). Les <i>Date Paintings<\/i> de On Kawara avaient d&eacute;j&agrave; commenc&eacute; de troubler la puret&eacute; auto-r&eacute;f&eacute;rentielle du message conceptuel en donnant &agrave; lire la date, &agrave; vrai dire sans int&eacute;r&ecirc;t, de leur r&eacute;alisation. Certaines de ces pi&egrave;ces s&rsquo;adjoignent m&ecirc;me une coupure de presse donnant les nouvelles du monde, ce jour-l&agrave;, liant ainsi, d&rsquo;une fa&ccedil;on qui ne pouvait que retenir Closky, le sort de l&rsquo;art conceptuel &agrave; l&rsquo;univers des media.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Joseph_Kosuth,_Five_Words_in_Orange_Neon,_1965.jpg\" alt=\"Joseph Kosuth, Five Words in Orange Neon, 1965\" ><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Joseph Kosuth, &#8216;Five Words in Orange Neon [Cinq mots en n&eacute;on orange]&#8217;, 1965<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Le_2_de_25.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Le 2 de 25 [The 2 from 25]')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Le_2_de_25.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Le 2 de 25 [The 2 from 25], 1991\" ><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Le 2 de 25&#8217;, 1991,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstylo bille sur papier, 30 x 24 cm<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Un_8_qui_ne_fait_pas_partie_de_88.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Un 8 qui ne fait pas partie de 88 [An 8 that is not part of 88]')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Un_8_qui_ne_fait_pas_partie_de_88.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Un 8 qui ne fait pas partie de 88 [An 8 that is not part of 88], 1994\" ><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Un 8 qui ne fait pas partie de 88&#8217;, 1994,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstylo bille sur papier, 30 x 24 cm<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">&#8211; Yayoi Kojima : What is your concept of &ldquo; Art &rdquo; ?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&#8211; CC : For me, art is about looking at and revealing one&rsquo;s surroundings (<i>Dune<\/i> n&deg; 18, octobre 1999, pp. 64-69).<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Que ce soit le plus s&eacute;rieusement et le plus litt&eacute;ralement du monde comme chez Kosuth ou sans aucune crainte de l&rsquo;absurde comme chez Closky, l&rsquo;&#x0153;uvre en est donc venue &agrave; se commenter. Cela signifie que la fronti&egrave;re entre l&rsquo;&#x0153;uvre et son commentaire, entre le texte et le paratexte, se trouve fonci&egrave;rement remise en cause. Il y a l&agrave; l&rsquo;un de ces paradoxes que r&eacute;serve l&rsquo;histoire : un art visant &agrave; se rapprocher de son essence et qui, pour ce faire, emprunte la voie langagi&egrave;re en vient &agrave; ressembler &agrave; ce qui n&rsquo;est pas lui : un texte sur lui. Ainsi l&rsquo;&#x0153;uvre ressortit-elle davantage aux media qu&rsquo;&agrave; l&rsquo;objet d&rsquo;art. Elle <i>communique<\/i> sur elle-m&ecirc;me. C&rsquo;est en ce point que se joue certaine mutation du travail de Closky : le passage d&rsquo;un conceptualisme d&eacute;voy&eacute; &agrave; une entreprise d&rsquo;exhibition du d&eacute;cor discursif et iconique dans lequel nous plonge la soci&eacute;t&eacute; contemporaine. Apr&egrave;s le d&eacute;s&#x0153;uvrement pr&eacute;texte &agrave; une r&eacute;flexivit&eacute; anti-autoritaire, l&rsquo;exhibition de l&rsquo;hyperactivit&eacute; m&eacute;diatique. Il importe de saisir la logique de cette transition pour bien suivre le d&eacute;veloppement de cette &#x0153;uvre. Au risque d&rsquo;une forme de simplification un tantinet caricaturante, il est permis d&rsquo;avancer que le mouvement qui a conduit l&rsquo;art, pour mieux d&eacute;finir son essence, &agrave; devenir son propre commentaire aura eu comme cons&eacute;quence de le transformer en l&rsquo;un des ces moyens de communication qui trament &agrave; maille serr&eacute;e l&rsquo;espace social. Sous cet angle un parall&egrave;le est d&rsquo;ailleurs &agrave; dresser. Tout comme la peinture en se faisant abstraite ou monochromatique a permis de voir, en raison d&rsquo;une parent&eacute; devenue troublante, le mur sur lequel elle est accroch&eacute;e, l&rsquo;art en se faisant conceptuel et langagier a dirig&eacute; l&rsquo;attention vers les signes, de m&ecirc;me nature, qui saturent notre environnement. Et, tout comme des artistes comme Michael Asher ou Daniel Buren ont r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute; et questionn&eacute; le lieu architectural o&ugrave; prend place l&rsquo;&#x0153;uvre, Closky met en sc&egrave;ne le th&eacute;&acirc;tre de mots et d&rsquo;images dans lequel s&rsquo;inscrivent, qu&rsquo;on le veuille ou non, les signes de l&rsquo;art. Bref, dans les deux cas (l&rsquo;abstraction et l&rsquo;&eacute;pisode conceptuel), c&rsquo;est sa volont&eacute; auto-r&eacute;f&eacute;rentielle qui, singuli&egrave;rement, aura fait sortir l&rsquo;art de lui-m&ecirc;me.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">&#8211; Philippe Vergne : Would you rather spend vacation in Corpus Christi (Texas) with Andy Warhol or in Bali with Naomi Campbell, and why?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&#8211; CC : As Neiman Marcus&reg; says: &ldquo;Art provides great table conversation&rdquo;, but as Clairol&reg; advises: &ldquo;I will follow my &ldquo;Natural Instincts&reg;&rdquo; and invite Naomi to come with me to Bali.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&#8211; PV : Do you believe in high and low?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&#8211; CC : I believe in ultra-high hydration cream and extra-low calorie yogurt.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&#8211; PV : The eighties are coming back, so what do you fear the most about that?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&#8211; CC : I am afraid that &ldquo;Beauty is timeless,&rdquo; as Max Factor&reg; puts it, and that &ldquo;Tomorrow never dies.&rdquo; as Omega&reg; predicts!<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t(Propos recueillis par Philippe Vergne pour le Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 1999)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Un mouvement logique conduit donc d&rsquo;un art qui s&rsquo;attache &agrave; d&eacute;livrer des informations sur lui-m&ecirc;me, qui prend en charge sa propre m&eacute;diation, sa propre m&eacute;diatisation&nbsp; &agrave; un art qui s&rsquo;int&eacute;resse aux flux d&rsquo;informations, &agrave; l&rsquo;hyperactivit&eacute; des m&eacute;dia contemporains. L&rsquo;&#x0153;uvre de Closky &eacute;claire pareil encha&icirc;nement dont l&rsquo;importance tient &agrave; ce qu&rsquo;il permet tout simplement de dialectiser d&rsquo;une fa&ccedil;on nouvelle le rapport entre l&rsquo;art conceptuel et le pop art. Pour le dire vite : l&rsquo;art conceptuel s&rsquo;est, en certaine mesure, fait pop lorsque, cherchant &agrave; communiquer sur lui-m&ecirc;me dans une fi&egrave;vre auto-r&eacute;flexive h&eacute;rit&eacute;e du modernisme, il a tout naturellement rencontr&eacute; les techniques de communication, la publicit&eacute;, les logos, etc.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">&#8211; Nelly Kapri&egrave;lian : Comment travailles-tu tes livres (tes textes)?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&#8211; CC : J&rsquo;assemble certains types d&rsquo;&eacute;nonc&eacute;s contemporains comme les &eacute;l&eacute;ments d&eacute;coratifs d&rsquo;une frise (Propos recueillis par Nelly Kapri&egrave;lian pour <i>Les Inrockuptibles <\/i>n&deg; 388, semaine du 7 mai 2003, p. 78).<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Closky a r&eacute;alis&eacute; un papier peint intitul&eacute; <i>Untitled<\/i> (<i>Nasdaq<\/i>) (2003), qui consiste en tableaux de noms de valeurs boursi&egrave;res, de cotes et autres pourcentages de hausse ou de baisse.&nbsp; En pr&eacute;sentant sous la forme d&rsquo;un &eacute;l&eacute;ment d&eacute;coratif ces informations financi&egrave;res, l&rsquo;artiste nous permet de comprendre que celles-ci sont d&eacute;j&agrave; devenues, sans que nous le percevions peut-&ecirc;tre comme tel, le d&eacute;cor de nos vies. C&rsquo;est &eacute;galement le sens des tableaux jouant avec les codes de l&rsquo;abstraction et qui proposent comme motifs ceux fournis par les camemberts et graphiques des analystes financiers. Si Closky utilise ces formes, c&rsquo;est certes qu&rsquo;elles fournissent la mati&egrave;re &agrave; de fort cr&eacute;dibles compositions picturales, c&rsquo;est aussi et surtout qu&rsquo;il est parfaitement logique de transformer en belles peintures ornementales les motifs qui d&eacute;corent d&rsquo;ores et d&eacute;j&agrave; l&rsquo;espace social. &Agrave; Times Square, sur l&rsquo;un des angles du Conde Nast Building, quartier g&eacute;n&eacute;ral d&rsquo;une soci&eacute;t&eacute; d&rsquo;&eacute;dition et de presse qui concourt au d&eacute;versement plan&eacute;taire des images, mais &eacute;galement si&egrave;ge du Nasdaq, se greffe un immense cylindre de onze &eacute;tages dont le rev&ecirc;tement est un &eacute;cran qui affiche en permanence tous les indices boursiers.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_UntitledNASDAQ_MUDA1b.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Untitled (NASDAQ)')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_UntitledNASDAQ_MUDA1b.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Untitled (NASDAQ), 2003\" ><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Sans titre (NASDAQ)&#8217;, 2003,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpapier peint, s&eacute;rigraphie.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">&#8211; Nico&nbsp;: Ville ?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&#8211; CC&nbsp;: Laas Veegaas. <i>(Nico<\/i>, mai 2005, p. 40.)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"franchor4\" name=\"franchor4\"><\/a>&Agrave; un certain de gr&eacute; de saturation, les flux d&rsquo;informations eux aussi se m&eacute;tamorphosent en d&eacute;cor. Comme l&rsquo;a montr&eacute; Bruce B&eacute;gout dans son remarquable petit ouvrage, <i>Z&eacute;ropolis<\/i>, il est une ville, Las Vegas, dans laquelle images t&eacute;l&eacute;vis&eacute;es, publicit&eacute;s et autres <i>entertainment news<\/i> fonctionnent comme un v&eacute;ritable d&eacute;cor urbain sinon m&ecirc;me comme une architecture, une ville qui &ldquo; a mis des &eacute;crans de t&eacute;l&eacute;vision sur les murs des buildings &rdquo;<a href=\"#_fr4\">[4]<\/a>. Bref, l&rsquo;art de Closky nous permet probablement de d&eacute;velopper un peu la fameuse formule de McLuhan. En effet, si le message, c&rsquo;est le medium et si le medium, c&rsquo;est le d&eacute;cor, alors, en bonne logique, le message, c&rsquo;est le d&eacute;cor &#8211; c&rsquo;est le bruit de fond.<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">&#8211; CC : Je vois deux fa&ccedil;ons de cr&eacute;er une distance critique avec les mod&egrave;les qui r&eacute;gissent notre quotidien. Leur opposer un nouveau discours pour les contredire, ou bien suivre leur logique et la faire s&rsquo;emballer jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; l&rsquo;absurde. Comme artiste, je ne peux que choisir la seconde m&eacute;thode (Propos recueillis par Elisabeth Milon pour <i>Livres d&rsquo;enfances<\/i>, Centre national du Livre d&rsquo;Artiste, 2001).<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>Mais qu&rsquo;est-ce donc qu&rsquo;un message mu&eacute; en &eacute;l&eacute;ment d&eacute;coratif ? Ne serait-ce pas un message victime de la man&#x0153;uvre formaliste ? Non parce qu&rsquo;il se verrait soumis &agrave; une mise en forme particuli&egrave;re, de toute fa&ccedil;on in&eacute;vitable, mais parce que, dans la situation tout &agrave; la fois influente et p&eacute;riph&eacute;rique d&rsquo;un d&eacute;cor, il est passible d&rsquo;une appr&eacute;hension semblable &agrave; celle r&eacute;serv&eacute;e &agrave; une pure forme, dans l&rsquo;oubli tendanciel de tout sens. On voit l&agrave; qu&rsquo;&agrave; se d&eacute;velopper de mani&egrave;re exponentielle la sph&egrave;re m&eacute;diatique menace aussi ses fondements. Trop de message tue le message. C&rsquo;est pourquoi Closky, plut&ocirc;t que de produire une critique en bonne et due forme, choisit d&rsquo;amplifier le mouvement, de pousser la logique jusqu&rsquo;au stade o&ugrave; celle-ci cesse d&rsquo;en &ecirc;tre une. En renfor&ccedil;ant ainsi cette d&eacute;rive formaliste, en collectant, classant, juxtaposant ces informations innombrables, l&rsquo;art de Closky engendre chez son spectateur un v&eacute;ritable flottement, celui que provoque la mutation d&eacute;corative du message.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><font size=\"-1\" face=\"Helvetica, Geneva, Arial, SunSans-Regular, sans-serif\">&#8211; Ana&iuml;d Demir : Est-ce que les images et les sons t&eacute;l&eacute;vis&eacute;s tiennent du papier peint ?<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t&#8211; CC : Souvent. (&ldquo; Paroles d&rsquo;artiste &rdquo;, <i>Le Journal des Arts<\/i> n&deg; 223, le 21 octobre 2005, p.13.)<\/font><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"franchor5\" name=\"franchor5\"><\/a>Il est un papier peint que Closky ne r&eacute;alisera sans doute jamais, mais qui, d&rsquo;une certaine fa&ccedil;on, ne serait pas totalement ill&eacute;gitime au regard de son esth&eacute;tique. Un papier peint qui reproduirait la prose critique consacr&eacute;e &agrave; son travail. Elle aussi vient enfler le bruit de fond m&eacute;diatique et ne saurait &eacute;chapper &agrave; un destin d&eacute;coratif. L&rsquo;&#x0153;uvre n&rsquo;est pas autonome &#8211; rien d&rsquo;ailleurs ne l&rsquo;est plus &#8211;, mais tout se passe singuli&egrave;rement comme si le mode de circulation des messages qui influent sur sa r&eacute;ception ramenait ceux-ci &agrave; quelque chose du genre bla-bla-bla, tagada et turlututu<a href=\"#_fr5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Blabla_mudam_01.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Bla bla [Blah-blah]')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Blabla_mudam_01.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Bla bla [Blah-blah], 1998\" ><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Bla bla&#8217;, 1998,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tafficheur &eacute;lectronique vert et jaune, ordinateur, dur&eacute;e illimit&eacute;e, 46 x 288 x 8 cm<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Tagada_et_turlututu.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Tagada et Turlututu')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Tagada_et_turlututu.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Tagada et Turlututu, 1991\" ><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Tagada et Turlututu&#8217;, 1991,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tpublication de l&#8217;artiste, photocopie, 102 pages, 21 x 15 cm.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n<p><i>&nbsp;<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_fr1\" name=\"_fr1\"><\/a>[1] <a href=\"#franchor1\">On doit &agrave; G&eacute;rard Genette (<i>Seuils<\/i>, Paris, &Eacute;d. du Seuil, 1987) cette d&eacute;composition du <i>paratexte<\/i> en <i>p&eacute;ritexte<\/i> (&eacute;l&eacute;ments paratextuels plac&eacute;s dans l&rsquo;espace m&ecirc;me du volume) et <i>&eacute;pitexte<\/i> (&eacute;l&eacute;ments paratextuels situ&eacute;s ailleurs).<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_fr2\" name=\"_fr2\"><\/a>[2] <a href=\"#franchor2\">Collectif, situ&eacute; dans la mouvance d&rsquo;artistes comme Keith Haring ou Kenny Scharf, dont Closky est l&rsquo;un des fondateurs en 1984.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_fr3\" name=\"_fr3\"><\/a>[3] <a href=\"#franchor3\">F. Paul, <i>Claude Closky<\/i>, Paris, Hazan,&nbsp;1999, p. 10.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>[<a id=\"_fr4\" name=\"_fr4\"><\/a>4] <a href=\"#franchor4\">B. B&eacute;gout, <i>Z&eacute;ropolis<\/i>, Paris, &Eacute;ditions Allia, 2002, p. 123.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"_fr5\" name=\"_fr5\"><\/a>[5] <a href=\"#franchor5\"><i>Bla-bla<\/i>&#8211;<i>bla <\/i>(1998) consiste en un panneau d&rsquo;affichage lumineux sur lequel d&eacute;file une suite de phrases st&eacute;r&eacute;otyp&eacute;es composant, en vert et en jaune, un dialogue rapidement incompr&eacute;hensible pour le spectateur. <i>Tagada et turlututu<\/i> (1991) est une publication de 102 pages qui pr&eacute;sente les multiples possibilit&eacute;s de combinaison des syllabes composant ces deux riches vocables.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lire la version originale en fran&ccedil;ais A MESSAGE IN THE DECOR Michel Gauthier In &#8216;Prix Marcel Duchamp 2005&#8217;, Un-deux&#8230; quatre Editions, 2006. 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