{"id":10012,"date":"2007-10-14T12:08:06","date_gmt":"2007-10-14T12:08:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ww.closky.info\/?p=10012"},"modified":"2018-06-01T12:14:43","modified_gmt":"2018-06-01T12:14:43","slug":"marie-muracciole-untitled-the-paintings-of-claude-closky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/?p=10012","title":{"rendered":"Marie Muracciole > \u2018Untitled (The paintings of Claude Closky)\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a id=\"english\" name=\"english\"><\/a><a href=\"#french\"><span class=\"caption\">Lire la version originale en fran&ccedil;ais<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>UNTITLED<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tThe paintings of Claude Closky<\/p>\n<p><i><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Marie Muracciole<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEditions M19, Paris, 2007. Translated from French by Gail de Courcy-Ireland<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>wheel of fortune<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>There are ten paintings, two in black and white. They are disks, with a diameter slightly larger than human scale: 2.10 m. Each surface is divided from the centre outwards into unequal, different-coloured &ldquo;parts&rdquo;. Each expanse of colour is applied flat with an opaque coat of acrylic paint. The principle of the series points to premeditation. The anonymity of the gesture that did the dividing and painting indicates cold determination. The apparent arbitrariness of the dimensions of the &ldquo;parts&rdquo; suggests contraction and expansion, the folding and opening of a 360&deg; fan. Limited to questions of surface, the rivalry between the coloured expanses does not install spatial hierarchy nor prompt any optical hollowing. The circular format, which has been called a tondo since the Italian Renaissance, does away with the tradition of painting as a window where the representation of near and far is displayed. The painting imposes itself through the covering of its physical expanse, not through its subordination to a frame.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Wheel_of_Fortune_2.jpg\" alt=\"Exhibition view 'Roue de la fortune', Galerie Edward Mitterrand, Gen&egrave;ve. 19 May - 30 June 200\" \/><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tExhibition view &#8216;Roue de la fortune&#8217;, Galerie Edward Mitterrand, Geneva. 19 May &#8211; 30 June 2005.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Untitled_002757.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Sans titre (002757), 2005\" \/><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\tClaude Closky, &#8216;Untitled (002757)&#8217;, 2005,<br \/>acrylic on canvas, &oslash; 210 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Untitled_FBAE00.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, sans titre (FBAE00), 2005\" \/><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClaude Closky, &#8216;Untitled (FBAE00)&#8217;, 2005,<br \/>acrylic on canvas, &oslash; 210 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>As has often been the case in the last half century, these &ldquo;abstract&rdquo; paintings model themselves on an existing two-dimensional element. The composition and colours of each tondo here refer to the diagrams known as &ldquo;pie charts&rdquo; that are commonly used in the press, disks whose slices display the share of a sum or a quantity. In the graphical language of the media, curves are used to describe the evolution of a quota over time, disks are the image of a fixed moment.<\/p>\n<p>We are familiar with these charts destined to feed us with information at the speed of images, faster than text. They are a visual, implicit text that solicits the viewer&rsquo;s automatisms of memory more than the reader&rsquo;s faculties of articulation. But in the move from page to painting, the effect of potted essence and instant capture is disturbed by the spectacular dimension of the surfaces, the arbitrary interactions between the colours; in short, by the materiality and temporality that are specific to painting. You need time to consider the expanse of it, space to integrate the dimension of the format and envisage the whole, then more time to take in what brings the different pieces together and what sets them apart. Lastly, the shift of scale modifies the viewer&rsquo;s physical posture&#8212;instead of peering at the page, you have to move about in the space, a radical inversion of the relationship between the model and its medium of reproduction. The pie charts have abandoned the rectangle of the page for a &ldquo;format&rdquo; that fits their contour. Here the traditional tondo is a shaped canvas.<\/p>\n<p>At their first showing in 2005 at the Edward Mitterrand Gallery in Geneva, the paintings were accompanied by &ldquo;drawings&rdquo; that also followed a serial principle. Taking Swiss lottery forms, Claude Closky had filled in six numbers in each of the ten grids, as per the regulations. Yet the layout of the crosses that singularised the grids and composed the form followed geometric motifs quite alien to the characteristic subjectivity that goes with games of chance. These lottery grids were thus flirting with the compositional grid of Modernist abstraction, associating pie in the sky with rational geometry. But the crosses were sufficiently approximate to have been drawn by the artist&rsquo;s hand, as though multiplying false declarations of illiteracy on real forms, as we are frequently requested to do by various administrative services. <i>Wheel of Fortune<\/i> was the title of the exhibition, not of the paintings, which all bore the subtitle <i>Untitled<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Bulletin_208238_2.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Swiss Lotto Bulletin 208238, 2005')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Bulletin_208238_2.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Bulletin Swiss Lotto 208238, 2005\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Swiss Lotto Bulletin 208238&#8217;, 2005,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tballpoint pen on printed matter, 11 x 16 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>surface reaction<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"anchor1\" name=\"anchor1\"><\/a><i>yksolC edualC<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Representation isn&rsquo;t a fatality! What I try to do with a pictogram is to flip it over and sever the exclusive relationship which links it to its subject, replacing this relationship with a new one, just as exclusive, with itself. Like I&rsquo;ve done with these sentences!secnetnes eseht htiw enod ev&rsquo;I ekiL .flesti htiw ,evisulcxe sa tsuj ,eno wen a htiw pihsnoitaler siht gnicalper ,tcejbus sti ot ti sknil hcihw pihsnoitaler evisulcxe eht reves dna revo ti pilf ot si margotcip a htiw od ot yrt I tahW !ytilataf a t&rsquo;nsi noitatneserpeR<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Claude Closky <\/i><a href=\"#note1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"anchor2\" name=\"anchor2\"><\/a>The artist has realised two sets of paintings, in 2003 and 2005. He delegated their execution, an age-old story that can be said to start in the studios of the Renaissance and culminate with minimalist and conceptual programmatics. As we saw here earlier, the images do not instantly state their name. The paint does, however, spread out in elementary flatness. Let us pause to remember that, after working exclusively on painting for a short period within a group,<a href=\"#note2\">[2]<\/a> Closky embarked in 1989 on the approach we know today: making drawings and books that instance special relationships with words and things. The drawings move effortlessly from elementary literalness when he represents signs (<i>le 2 de 25<\/i> [The 2 of 25], 1991, or <i>Un num&eacute;ro de telephone et une plaque d&rsquo;immatriculation qui se ressemblent <\/i>[A telephone number and a licence plate that look alike], 1991) to lapidary and madcap mimesis (<i>Un oeuf tr&egrave;s rond <\/i>[A very round egg], 1994). In his books he sorts words according to formal principles (<i>De A &agrave; Z<\/i> [From A to Z], 1992) or collects platitudes in the form of stories (<i>Osez <\/i>[Dare], 1994, <i>Pr&eacute;dictions <\/i>[Predictions], 1996, <i>Mon Catalogue <\/i>[My Catalogue], 1999). To be precise, he is interested in the surface of things and in surface things, including language. We could put it that this work&#8212;which is not based on a technique, a format, or a medium, but on a general economy of flattening out, thus a surface culture&#8212;offers a metonymic prolongation to his primary activity as a painter. We would thus like to have fully explored the question.<\/p>\n<p>Closky&rsquo;s work undermines the degree of blind belief we have in certain words, images, and modes that give meaning, by subverting it into a surface reaction. He plays with the production techniques tied to the contents of a connected, Western environment against the mediums that display them, the formats that regulate them, the market and communications mechanisms that feed off their circulation. He takes over domains where the density of the message is inversely proportional to the hyper-visibility of its enunciation, and his approach only solicits the various contents at play through certain workings of their representation in their customary places of use&#8212;where, paradoxically, nobody bothers to look at them.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Le_2_de_25.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Le 2 de 25 [The 2 from 25], 1991')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Le_2_de_25.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Le 2 de 25, 1991\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Le 2 de 25 [The 2 from 25]&#8217;, 1991,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tballpoint pen on paper, 30 x 24 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Unnumerodetelephoneetunepla.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Un num&eacute;ro de t&eacute;l&eacute;phone et une plaque d&rsquo;imatriculation qui se ressemblent [A telephone number and a license plate that look alike], 1991')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Unnumerodetelephoneetunepla.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Un num&eacute;ro de t&eacute;l&eacute;phone et une plaque d'imatriculation qui se ressemblent, 1991\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Un num&eacute;ro de t&eacute;l&eacute;phone et une plaque d&#8217;imatriculation qui se ressemblent [A telephone number and a license plate that look alike]&#8217;, 1991,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tballpoint pen on paper, 30 x24 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Un_oeuf_tres_rond.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Un oeuf tr&egrave;s rond [A very round egg] , 1994')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Un_oeuf_tres_rond.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Un oeuf tr&egrave;s rond, 1994\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Un oeuf tr&egrave;s rond [A very round egg]&#8217;, 1994,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tballpoint pen on paper, 30 x 24 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/De_A_a_Z_1.jpg', 'Claude Closky, De A &agrave; Z [From A to Z], 1992')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/De_A_a_Z_1.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, De A &agrave; Z [From A to Z], 1992\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;De A &agrave; Z [From A to Z]&#8217;, 1992,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tParis: Galerie Jennifer Flay.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Prediction_couv.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Pr&eacute;dictions [Predictions], 1996')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Prediction_couv.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Pr&eacute;dictions [Predictions], 1996\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Pr&eacute;dictions [Predictions]&#8217;, 1996,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRouen: Frac Haute-Normandie, 80 pages, 21 x 15 cm.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Everyday language provides him with a material and a model. Ditto for certain standard manufactured images, the utilitarian clich&eacute;s overloading our environment that claim to be objective and transparent representations. The animations collected on the Internet to spin round in <i>Man&egrave;ge<\/i> [Roundabout]<i> <\/i>(2006) are a recent example of this. As they race randomly one after the other across the standard screens that they successively bring to life on the walls of a spartan exhibition space, they skate over a double absence. On the one hand the randomness in their succession both articulates and avoids them, choosing just one, leaving thousands out of shot. On the other hand, these images that are so omnipresent in our environment are made to pass quickly without holding the gaze; they are bound for permanent deletion. By using them in <i>Man&egrave;ge<\/i>, Closky inverses the phenomenon. He emphasises their function as narrative sequences, destined to bring a piece of information to the surface as crudely as possible, and dispels the scant details that could introduce subsidiary significations. While the images in <i>Man&egrave;ge<\/i> move and are read left to right, like clocks and Western script, the length of each narrative and the degree to which it is diluted override the action described. In this new display mode, they produce the surprise effect that no-one expected.<\/p>\n<p>Closky charts the exchanges and movements, the particular economy of certain representations through which the question of equivalences and values pass. The formal transpositions that he operates inflect the coefficient of meaning with great efficiency. The video <i>Les Ao&ucirc;tiens<\/i> [August vacation] (1997) is a sequence of holiday advertising images in a landscape of Mediterranean connotation. The texts have been removed, altering the density of the information and heightening the effect of a conjugation of constants and variables. The constants are three colours&#8212;blue, white, and tan&#8212;and the human figures are uniformly young and muscular. The few variables are sex and clothing, but they are of low magnitude. This levelling of form authorises permutations of the surface without variations in content, a well-oiled sequence to which Closky adds a parenthesis: instead of fading out, he prefers the grid motif. The geometrisation of the pixels vaporises the Cyclades into bathroom tiling, the message slides from maritime peplum to middle-class domesticity. We know that this type of image, which is based on its function and not on the<u> <\/u>object it evokes, targets our consumer compulsions less than our gaze, but this is a pretty fun way of reminding us. In Greek etymology, economy is the management of goods and the exchanges around them. Closky adds a little extra to the economy of transfer, and the salaried workers targeted by scenes of a sterilised Olympus turn into bathroom users: condensation (steam) and displacement (leaving on holiday) are present. In this vein of ideas, it is perhaps not insignificant that the two series of paintings and some of Closky&rsquo;s videos take their models from the &ldquo;economy&rdquo; pages in the press, as did the <i>Nasdaq<\/i> wallpaper. In the first series, the &ldquo;curves&rdquo; were based on the principle of two flat colours separated by a line rising from left right. No title, X or Y-axis was present to index this diagonal to any data. Now, two years later, Closky is reiterating his gesture, slightly shifting his subject and moving from a sequence (the path of the curve) to a fixed capture (the parts of a share) on a format that merges more obviously with the form of its model.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Manege_315_17.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Man&egrave;ge [Roundabout], 2006')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Manege_315_17.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Man&egrave;ge [Roundabout], 2006\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Man&egrave;ge [Roundabout]&#8217;, 2006,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tvideo installation, sixteen 32&quot; flat screens, 16&#215;2 stereo speakers, comptuter, dimensions variable, unlimited duration<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Les aoutiens_07.jpg', 'Claude Closky, August vacation, 1997-1998')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Les aoutiens_07.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Les ao&ucirc;tiens, 1997-1998\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;August vacation&#8217;, 1997-1998,<br \/>video projector, computer, silent, loop. Coproduction Centre pour l&#8217;image contemporaine Saint-Gervais, Gen&egrave;ve<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>former lives<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Closky conceives his paintings and many of his drawings, videos, and printed matter using a familiar visual vocabulary for which we have already formed an opinion. The reputation of certain images, letters, and words precedes them. We expect an economic diagram to provide a vision of factual exactitude at a glance, featuring connections more than quantities and information as rapidly out of date as it is extensive. On top of these immediate elements of recognition comes the explicit commentary of the captions. In the paintings, Closky suspends these two modes of reading, cancelling all implicit or explicit commentary: in return for this silence, he offers the image a major enlargement on the canvas. The moves being made&#8212;from the page to the picture surface, the world of media to the world of abstract painting, from information to silence&#8212;noticeably alters the velocity of our gaze. <i>What I try to do &#x2026;is to &#x2026;sever the exclusive relationship which links [the representation] to its subject.<\/i> Here we have the <i>detached<\/i> form that does not have to account to anyone, especially since the present technical obsolescence of painting as representation seems to exclude it from the dominant circuits that produce meaning, exempting it from any major discourse in art.<\/p>\n<p>In reality, this supposed obsolescence, this destitution in relation to the diversity of art forms actually contributes to the mirage that makes painting a far-off, desirable island. It is preceded by its reputation. The one that Modernism gave it, for example, dispelling figure and narration, assimilating form to content, and measuring progress in art as being proportional to the specification of the medium. In terms of form and process, Closky&rsquo;s paintings do indeed hark back to the history of flat painting and the border between abstraction-representation (from Matisse to Hard-edge and Neo-geo via Pop, all the way to Olivier Mosset or Sarah Morris, etc.) and to the history of artistic supports (from Delaunay&rsquo;s records to Noland&rsquo;s targets, not forgetting Mosset&rsquo;s tondos and other circular shaped canvases). This is all perfectly natural, and the way in which the present re-reads the past does not cancel out the succession of facts. The singularity of a painting in a world where everyday objects have long since been annexed by art, and images annexed by everyday life, is one thing. The absolute silence of a painting that would make you forget all models, be they objects, daily life, or even art and history, is another, much harder thing to obtain: unless some prodigious throw of the dice were to free us from remembered models. But even chance is indexed to the history it rolls the dice for, and condemned to form a model itself: <i>Representation (is) a fatality!<\/i> There&rsquo;s no getting away from it. The strict autonomy of the work is accompanied by the canned laughter of the spectacle of its autonomisation, it does not really open onto the discourse-free materiality that formalism once expected. Art &amp; Language&rsquo;s <i>100% Abstract<\/i> series stigmatised the fact that any attempt in this direction could only end up with a tautology, as in the 1968 painting that displays the percentage of materials used to inscribe it (Titanium calcium 83% Silicates 17%). The recipe is the figure. Painting based on form does not emancipate form, it represents it.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Art_&#038;_Language,_100__Abstract,_1968.jpg', 'Art &amp; Language, 100 % Abstract, 1968')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Art_&#038;_Language,_100__Abstract,_1968.jpg\" alt=\"Art &amp; Language, 100 % Abstract, 1968\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Art &amp; Language, &#8216;100 % Abstract&#8217;, 1968<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>silent pictures<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>Plus beau<\/i> [More beautiful] (2003-2005) is an interactive video installation where each click of a computer mouse made available to the public reconfigures a chequered layout on a screen. The colours change, the scale of the grid varies; the arrangement is basic and the possibilities apparently endless. The title indicates progression with satisfaction. Indeed, with each composition <i>replacing this relationship with a new one <\/i>and preparing us for the next, the reputation of each image is made by the previous ones that fuelled our expectation. If the image grows more beautiful, however, it is down to two&#8212;contradictory&#8212;reasons: because we have seen the previous ones and because it makes us forget them. <i>Plus beau<\/i> counts on the permanent hesitation between the recording of what is to come and the trace of what has been, the instability of the known and the new (which is not always the unknown); it stigmatises a constant, lightweight reincarnation of desire. A composition in progress, it is based on the enigmatic nature of our availability at the moment in hand.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Plus_beau_04_vernissage.jpg', 'Claude Closky, More Beautiful, 2002-2004')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Plus_beau_04_vernissage.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, More Beautiful, 2002-2004\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Plus_beau_03.jpg', 'Claude Closky, More Beautiful, 2002-2004')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Plus_beau_03.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, More Beautiful, 2002-2004\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Plus beau [More Beautiful]&#8217;, 2002-2004,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tinteractive video installation, 2 computers, 2 mouses, 2 tables, 2 video projectors, dimensions variable<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The title of the first exhibition of tondos, <i>Wheel of Fortune<\/i>, evoked a trivial form of a dice throw, the permanent long-awaited surprise of the real in art, but the content was transmitted via the &ldquo;slow-motion&rdquo; of painting, accentuated by an unspectacular stroke and pre-planned compositions. The formula also suggested an unexpected coincidence between the geometric neutrality of the pictorial surface and the vagaries of chance. Let us recall that <i>Wheel of Fortune<\/i>, which evokes the arbitrariness of variations in the economy and finances, is the name of a popular game and cult television show from the 1970s. Let&#8217;s be clear about this: Closky did not make any of this by chance, neither the paintings nor the blue-pencilling on the lottery tickets turned paradigms of the Modernist abstract grid. He had programmed the intervention of the works in the Geneva exhibition very carefully, reminding us that <i>the wheel turns: <\/i>360&deg;, 100%. For though chance has no form, it is not chaos. In the games that take its name it is set out by strict rules. In art, we talk of the &ldquo;laws of chance&rdquo; that supplied automatons to artists seeking to free themselves from their own automatisms, like the Taeuber-Arp spouses in 1917, and later John Cage, Fran&ccedil;ois Morellet or Ellsworth Kelly. It is Cage who, upon meeting Kelly in Paris when the latter was visiting France, advised him to look at the collages decided by chance at Arp&rsquo;s place in Meudon. The young American was looking to get away from the figures that kept cropping up in his abstract compositions. Bogged down by his fascination for Picasso and Matisse, Kelly tried multiple strategies to produce an &ldquo;impersonal&rdquo; art and deliver forms that did not state their names. Chance, in the form of arbitrariness, became one of the strategies, like the shaped canvas he developed at the same time as Frank Stella in New York. Matched with the all-over, the shaped canvas had the advantage of removing the traditional component of representation&#8212;a background showing a figure on the surface. And to get away from the omnipresence of the figure, Fran&ccedil;ois Morellet, whom Kelly met at the same time, flirted prematurely with conceptual art and used pre-established systems to govern his compositions&#8212;well before the 1961 series, <i>R&eacute;partition al&eacute;atoire de 40 000 carr&eacute;s <\/i>[Random distribution of 40,000 squares], the titles in which specify the percentage shared between the two colours chosen following a random succession of odd and even numbers in the telephone directory. Chance is an excellent tool for working on codes, repetition, hierarchy, or the law, for throwing habits and interpretations off course. Its big plus is that it conveys no discourse, it is an operator of <i>detachment<\/i>, a &ldquo;free hand&rdquo; function. The rules, constraints, codes, and hierarchies that fill our existence are among Closky&rsquo;s raw materials; he likes to dilute their intensity. Here, the scattering of decision factors adds levers to a vast chain of production&#8212;videos, books, digital prints, and drawings&#8212;where the artist upsets the order of connections and indeed substitutes <i>the exclusive relationship that links a sign to a treated subject with another, equally exclusive relationship with itself.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>The fact that appearance comes first does not mean the work is only limited to appearance. Closky knows that his way has a meaning, that the technique he chooses supplies a discourse (which the forms echo off each other more surely than their content). His work shows no manual virtuosity that would amount to a display of assurance, in the dual sense of the term: no erasing of the manufacturing procedures that would give the final object a manifest character or authority, no clumsy execution that would highlight the author and his signature. On the other hand, his twisting of existing elements possesses a power of designation over their original sphere, which was not art, and therefore by extension over the absence from whence they came to become art. The delay and the silence of shifted figures invoke the border between art and non-art, but also the gap between the presence of things and their representation, their name, and the anonymity of the form. For all that, this relative silence does not remove the <i>mimesis<\/i> of the paintings, where we always end up seeing something&#8212;for even if the formats and the signs around us hinge more on themselves than their content, representation <i>is<\/i> a fatality.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Francois_Morrelet,_Repartition_aleatoire_de_40_000.jpg', 'Fran&ccedil;ois Morellet, R&eacute;partition al&eacute;atoire de 40 000 carr&eacute;s, 50 % noir, 50 % blanc, 1961')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Francois_Morrelet,_Repartition_aleatoire_de_40_000.jpg\" alt=\"Fran&ccedil;ois Morellet, R&eacute;partition al&eacute;atoire de 40 000 carr&eacute;s, 50 % noir, 50 % blanc, 1961\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Fran&ccedil;ois Morellet, &#8216;R&eacute;partition al&eacute;atoire de 40 000 carr&eacute;s, 50 % noir, 50 % blanc&#8217;, 1961<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Closky returns to painting by articulating it like words; he turns it into a vocabulary of surface and plays with a few false platitudes on flatness with a good helping of humour. In the past century, pictoriality has become a significant boundary in art, both theoretically and economically. Declared dead and gone, it keeps on coming back to life, and though today it is one more art form among others, its longevity makes it a major index and indication of art speculation. Closky works with it in the same way he will &ldquo;clean up&rdquo; the photographs, videos, texts, or lists of words that he appropriates in order to turn them into the elements of another language. After all, perhaps the financial domain that is the source of the two series also enables them to be seen as &ldquo;figures&rdquo; in the accountancy sense of the word, where a necessarily superficial and elementary examination of a few uses of painting would feature. Except that no X or Y-axes are provided for questions of spatial scope, production modes, and the possibility of action. Contrary to the <i>100% Abstract<\/i>, out go the caption, the commentary, even the numbers. And unlike in Morellet&rsquo;s <i>40,000 squares<\/i>, there is no system that reveals the inner workings. Yet the tondos cannot avoid the fields of knowledge and history that they arbitrarily display. The painted surface adds an appearance of material and historical stability to the artist&rsquo;s typical destabilisation of significations.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>babelisation of signs<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>Closky&rsquo;s prolific practice tends to consider the circulation of signs as an obsessive form of reality. He moves between Pop, conceptual art and the visual side of experiences with words, passing from Hains to Filliou, from a bit of Fluxus to a smattering of Oulipo and certainly Morellet, whom he visited when he started his first drawings and books. By caring less about the content or discourse of everyday signs than about their use, Closky prolongs a line passed down via Duchamp and above all Broodthaers. Like them, he works with everything that makes us believe&#8212;or not&#8212;in what words and images represent, that makes us see&#8212;or not&#8212;the form they take or give in relation to what they state or describe, etc. Asserting meaning or a knowledge of some truth is not his problem. He babelises languages, recharges forms with their capacity for ambivalence, and puts them back in circulation: tondos are in reality shaped canvases in the form of a tondo, a monocular aim, a target, etc. Signs and forms can be variable, language and art offer them multiple entryways. Their transparency is but an illusion. The wheel turns.<\/p>\n<p>Reading or looking do not always give us access to messages, but take us to new capacities of articulating the visible, minute shifts away from and towards significations. Art reconfigures and releases systems and languages, replaces them in the problematic status of the living. And the movement of languages and signs displaces those who speak and read them.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"anchor3\" name=\"anchor3\"><\/a>By altering systems, Closky delays the fatality of representation and focuses on the <i>subject<\/i> matter in hand: an articulation between the authority of painting, its format, the speculations that keep it thriving, the diagrams capable of taking over this territory, the economy that distracts it from talking only about itself. Place your bets: in the splitting of shares between techniques, referents, and the different regimes they belong to, transits the status of signs and the things they become. But not solely. In the end, something in the painting concerns us. &ldquo;As for the inner book of unknown signs [&#x2026;] which nobody could help me read by any kind of rule, this reading consisted in an act of creation in which no-one could take our place or even collaborate with us.&rdquo;<a href=\"#note3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><b><u><\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"note1\" name=\"note1\"><\/a>[1] <a href=\"#anchor1\">This text was published for the exhibition &ldquo;Pictograms &#8211; The Loneliness of Signs&rdquo;, Kunstmuseum Stuttgart, 260, p. 230.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"note2\" name=\"note2\"><\/a>[2] <a href=\"#anchor2\">The <i>Ripoulins<\/i>.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"note3\" name=\"note3\"><\/a>[3] <a href=\"#anchor3\">Marcel Proust, &ldquo;Time regained&rdquo; <i>In Search of Lost Time<\/i>, Volume 7. My translation.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a id=\"french\" name=\"french\"><\/a><a href=\"#english\"><span class=\"caption\">Read the English translation<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>SANS TITRE<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLes peintures de Claude Closky<\/p>\n<p>Marie Muracciole<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEditions M19, Paris, 2007.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>roues de la fortune<\/p>\n<p>Il y a dix tableaux, dont deux en noir et blanc. Ce sont des disques d&rsquo;un diam&egrave;tre l&eacute;g&egrave;rement sup&eacute;rieur &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;chelle humaine, 2,10 m. Chaque surface se divise &agrave; partir du centre en &laquo; parts &raquo; in&eacute;gales de couleurs diff&eacute;rentes. Chaque &eacute;tendue de couleur est pos&eacute;e en aplat, &agrave; l&rsquo;acrylique, en couche opaque. Le principe de la s&eacute;rie indique la pr&eacute;m&eacute;ditation. L&rsquo;anonymat du geste qui a proc&eacute;d&eacute; &agrave; la division et au recouvrement signale une froide d&eacute;termination. L&rsquo;arbitraire apparent de la dimension des &laquo; parts &raquo; sugg&egrave;re la contraction et la dilatation, le repli et l&rsquo;ouverture d&rsquo;un &eacute;ventail &agrave; 360&deg;. Tenue &agrave; des questions de surface, la rivalit&eacute; des &eacute;tendues de couleur n&rsquo;instaure pas de hi&eacute;rarchie spatiale et n&rsquo;encourage aucun effet de creusement optique. Le format circulaire, qu&rsquo;on nomme depuis la Renaissance italienne un tondo, &eacute;vacue la tradition du tableau comme une fen&ecirc;tre o&ugrave; s&rsquo;organise la repr&eacute;sentation du proche et du lointain. Le tableau s&rsquo;impose par le recouvrement de son &eacute;tendue physique, non dans sa subordination &agrave; un cadre.<\/p>\n<p><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Wheel_of_Fortune_2.jpg', 'Exhibition view Roue de la fortune, Galerie Edward Mitterrand, Gen&egrave;ve. 19 May - 30 June 200')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Wheel_of_Fortune_2.jpg\" alt=\"Exhibition view 'Roue de la fortune', Galerie Edward Mitterrand, Gen&egrave;ve. 19 May - 30 June 200\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\"><br \/>Exhibition view &#8216;Roue de la fortune&#8217;, Galerie Edward Mitterrand, Gen&egrave;ve. 19 May &#8211; 30 June 2005.<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Untitled_002757.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Untitled (FBAE00), 2005')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Untitled_002757.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Sans titre (002757), 2005\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClaude Closky, &#8216;Sans titre (002757)&#8217;, 2005,<br \/>acrylique sur toile, &oslash; 210 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Untitled_FBAE00.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Untitled (FBAE00), 2005')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Untitled_FBAE00.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, sans titre (FBAE00), 2005\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tClaude Closky, &#8216;Sans titre (FBAE00)&#8217;, 2005,<br \/>acrylique sur toile, &oslash; 210 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Comme souvent depuis un demi-si&egrave;cle, ces tableaux &laquo;abstraits&raquo; prennent mod&egrave;le sur quelque chose qui existe d&eacute;j&agrave;, quelque chose qui est bidimensionnel. La composition et les couleurs de chaque tondo se r&eacute;f&egrave;rent en effet &agrave; l&rsquo;un de ces diagrammes appel&eacute;s &laquo;camemberts&raquo; et couramment utilis&eacute;s dans la presse, ces disques dont les parts affichent la r&eacute;partition d&rsquo;une somme ou une quantit&eacute;. Dans le langage graphique des m&eacute;dias, on utilise des courbes pour d&eacute;crire l&rsquo;&eacute;volution d&rsquo;une quotit&eacute; dans le temps, les disques pour donner l&rsquo;&eacute;tat d&rsquo;une r&eacute;partition. Les courbes sont index&eacute;es au d&eacute;roulement, les disques sont l&rsquo;image d&rsquo;un moment arr&ecirc;t&eacute;.<\/p>\n<p>Nous sommes familiers de ces sch&eacute;mas destin&eacute;s &agrave; nous faire parvenir une information &agrave; la vitesse des images, plus vite qu&rsquo;un texte. Ils sont un texte visuel, implicite, les automatismes de la m&eacute;moire &eacute;tant plus sollicit&eacute;s que les facult&eacute;s d&rsquo;articulation du lecteur. Mais dans le d&eacute;placement de la page au tableau, l&rsquo;effet d&rsquo;une r&eacute;duction &agrave; l&rsquo;essentiel et d&rsquo;une saisie instantan&eacute;e est perturb&eacute; par la dimension spectaculaire des surfaces et par les interactions arbitraires entre les couleurs, bref, par la mat&eacute;rialit&eacute; et la temporalit&eacute; sp&eacute;cifiques de la peinture. Il faut du temps pour en consid&eacute;rer l&rsquo;&eacute;tendue, du recul pour int&eacute;grer la dimension du format et envisager l&rsquo;ensemble, puis un d&eacute;lai pour int&eacute;grer ce qui distingue et rapproche les diff&eacute;rents tableaux. Enfin, le d&eacute;placement d&rsquo;&eacute;chelle modifie la posture physique de celui qui regarde &#8211; au lieu de scruter la page, on doit se d&eacute;placer dans l&rsquo;espace. Ce qui inverse radicalement la relation entre le mod&egrave;le et le support de sa reproduction. Les camemberts ont quitt&eacute; le rectangle de la page pour un &laquo; format &raquo; qui &eacute;pouse leur contour. Le tondo traditionnel est en l&rsquo;occurrence un <i>shaped canvas<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Lors de leur premi&egrave;re exposition, chez Edward Mitterrand &agrave; Gen&egrave;ve en 2005, les tableaux &eacute;taient accompagn&eacute;s de &laquo; dessins &raquo; r&eacute;alis&eacute;s eux aussi sur un principe s&eacute;riel. Sur des bulletins du loto suisse, Claude Closky avait coch&eacute; six num&eacute;ros de chacune des dix grilles, dans le respect du r&egrave;glement. La disposition des croix qui singularisent les dix grilles composant chaque bulletin ob&eacute;issait cependant &agrave; des motifs g&eacute;om&eacute;triques tr&egrave;s &eacute;trangers &agrave; la subjectivit&eacute; qui caract&eacute;rise la participation aux jeux de hasard. Ces grilles de loto flirtaient ainsi avec la grille compositionnelle de l&rsquo;abstraction moderniste, associant les plans sur la com&egrave;te et la rationalit&eacute; de la g&eacute;om&eacute;trie. Mais les croix &eacute;taient suffisamment approximatives pour &ecirc;tre de la main de l&rsquo;artiste, qui multipliait de cette mani&egrave;re de fausses d&eacute;clarations d&rsquo;illettrisme sur de vrais formulaires, comme nous sommes tous invit&eacute;s &agrave; le faire r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement par diff&eacute;rentes administrations. Le titre, <i>Roues de la Fortune<\/i><i>, <\/i>&eacute;tait celui de l&rsquo;exposition, et non des tableaux, l&eacute;gend&eacute;s chaque fois <i>Sans titre<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Bulletin_208238_2.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Swiss Lotto Bulletin 208238, 2005')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Bulletin_208238_2.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Bulletin Swiss Lotto 208238, 2005\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Swiss Lotto Bulletin 208238&#8217;, 2005,<br \/>stylo bille sur imprim&eacute;, 11 x 16 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>surface de r&eacute;paration<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"franchor1\" name=\"franchor1\"><\/a><i>yksolC edualC<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Representation isn&rsquo;t a fatality ! What I try to do with a pictogram is to flip it over and sever the exclusive relationship which links it to its subject, replacing this relationship by a new one, just as exclusive with itself. Like I&rsquo;ve done with these sentences ! secnetnes eseht htiw enod ev&rsquo;I ekiL. flesti htiw evisulcxe sa tsuj, eno wen a yb pihsnoitaler siht gnicalper, tcejbus sti ot ti sknil hcihw pihsnoitaler evisulcxe eht reves dna revo ti pilf ot si margotcip a htiw od ot yrt I tahW ! ytilataf a t&rsquo;nsi noitatneserpeR<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Claude Closky <\/i><a href=\"#fr1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"franchor2\" name=\"franchor2\"><\/a>L&rsquo;artiste a r&eacute;alis&eacute; deux s&eacute;ries de tableaux, en 2003 et en 2005. Il en a d&eacute;l&eacute;gu&eacute; l&rsquo;ex&eacute;cution, c&rsquo;est une vieille histoire qui peut commencer dans les ateliers de la Renaissance et culmine avec les programmatiques minimalistes et conceptuelles. Et, comme vu pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment, les images n&rsquo;y disent pas imm&eacute;diatement leur nom. La peinture oui, qui s&rsquo;&eacute;tale dans une plan&eacute;it&eacute; &eacute;l&eacute;mentaire. Rappelons qu&rsquo;apr&egrave;s s&rsquo;&ecirc;tre un temps assez court exclusivement employ&eacute; &agrave; cette pratique &agrave; l&rsquo;int&eacute;rieur d&rsquo;un groupe <a href=\"#fr2\">[2]<\/a>, Closky a engag&eacute; en 1989 la d&eacute;marche que nous connaissons aujourd&rsquo;hui, en r&eacute;alisant des dessins et des livres qui font &eacute;tat de relations particuli&egrave;res avec les mots et les choses. Les dessins passent avec aisance d&rsquo;une litt&eacute;ralit&eacute; &eacute;l&eacute;mentaire, lorsqu&rsquo;il repr&eacute;sente des signes (<i>Le 2 de 25, <\/i>1991 ou <i>Un num&eacute;ro de t&eacute;l&eacute;phone et une plaque d&rsquo;immatriculation qui se ressemblent, <\/i>1991) &agrave; une mim&eacute;sis lapidaire et loufoque (<i>Un oeuf tr&egrave;s rond, <\/i>1994). Dans ses livres, il range des mots selon des principes formels (<i>De A &agrave; Z, <\/i>1992) ou collectionne des platitudes en forme d&rsquo;histoire (<i>Osez, <\/i>1994, <i>Pr&eacute;dictions, <\/i>1996, <i>Mon Catalogue, <\/i>1999). Tr&egrave;s exactement, il s&rsquo;int&eacute;resse &agrave; la surface des choses et aux choses de la surface, dont le langage. On pourrait avancer que ce travail &#8211; qui ne repose ni sur une technique, ni sur un format ou un support, mais sur une &eacute;conomie g&eacute;n&eacute;rale de la mise &agrave; plat et donc une culture de la surface &#8211; offre un prolongement m&eacute;tonymique &agrave; sa premi&egrave;re activit&eacute; de peintre. On aimerait avoir ainsi fait le tour de la question.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"franchor3\" name=\"franchor3\"><\/a>L&rsquo;oeuvre de Closky sape une surface de r&eacute;paration <a href=\"#fr3\">[3]<\/a> &agrave; la part de croyance aveugle que nous accordons &agrave; certains mots et images, aux modalit&eacute;s qui instaurent le sens. Il joue avec les techniques de production attach&eacute;es aux contenus d&rsquo;un environnement occidental et connect&eacute;, avec les supports qui les affichent, les formats qui les r&eacute;glementent, les m&eacute;canismes de la communication et du march&eacute; qui s&rsquo;alimentent de leur circulation. Il s&rsquo;empare de domaines o&ugrave; la densit&eacute; du message est inversement proportionnelle &agrave; l&rsquo;hypervisibilit&eacute; de son &eacute;nonciation, et sa d&eacute;marche ne sollicite les contenus en jeu qu&rsquo;au travers des m&eacute;caniques de leur repr&eacute;sentation, l&agrave; o&ugrave; leur usage les inscrit, et o&ugrave; paradoxalement nul ne prend la peine de les regarder.<\/p>\n<p><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Le_2_de_25.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Le 2 de 25 [The 2 from 25], 1991')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Le_2_de_25.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Le 2 de 25, 1991\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Le 2 de 25&#8217;, 1991,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstylo bille sur papier, 30 x 24 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Unnumerodetelephoneetunepla.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Un num&eacute;ro de t&eacute;l&eacute;phone et une plaque d&rsquo;imatriculation qui se ressemblent [A telephone number and a license plate that look alike], 1991')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Unnumerodetelephoneetunepla.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Un num&eacute;ro de t&eacute;l&eacute;phone et une plaque d'imatriculation qui se ressemblent, 1991\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Un num&eacute;ro de t&eacute;l&eacute;phone et une plaque d&#8217;imatriculation qui se ressemblent&#8217;, 1991, stylo bille sur papier, 30 x24 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Un_oeuf_tres_rond.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Un oeuf tr&egrave;s rond [A very round egg] , 1994')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Un_oeuf_tres_rond.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Un oeuf tr&egrave;s rond, 1994\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Un oeuf tr&egrave;s rond&#8217;, 1994,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tstylo bille sur papier, 30 x 24 cm<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/De_A_a_Z_1.jpg', 'Claude Closky, De A &agrave; Z [From A to Z], 1992')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/De_A_a_Z_1.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, De A &agrave; Z [From A to Z], 1992\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;De A &agrave; Z&#8217;, 1992,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEditions Galerie Jennifer Flay, Paris.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Prediction_couv.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Pr&eacute;dictions [Predictions], 1996')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Prediction_couv.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Pr&eacute;dictions [Predictions], 1996\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Pr&eacute;dictions&#8217;, 1996,<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tEditions Frac Haute-Normandie, Rouen, 80 pages, 21 x 15 cm.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Le langage usuel lui fournit &agrave; la fois un mat&eacute;riau et un mod&egrave;le. <i>Idem <\/i>pour certaines images de fabrication courante, les clich&eacute;s utilitaires dont notre environnement d&eacute;borde et qui se donnent pour des repr&eacute;sentations objectives et transparentes. Les animations collect&eacute;es sur le net pour tourner dans <i>Man&egrave;ge <\/i>(2006) en sont un exemple r&eacute;cent. Leur course, l&rsquo;une apr&egrave;s l&rsquo;autre dans un ordre choisi par le hasard, sur les &eacute;crans standard qu&rsquo;elles animent l&rsquo;un apr&egrave;s l&rsquo;autre aux murs d&rsquo;un espace d&rsquo;exposition spartiate, glisse sur une double absence. D&rsquo;une part l&rsquo;al&eacute;atoire de leur succession les articule et les escamote &agrave; la fois, n&rsquo;en choisissant qu&rsquo;une, en laissant des milliers hors champ. D&rsquo;autre part ces images omnipr&eacute;sentes dans notre environnement sont faites pour passer vite et sans retenir le regard, elles sont en voie d&rsquo;effacement permanent. Les reprenant dans <i>Man&egrave;ge, <\/i>Closky inverse le ph&eacute;nom&egrave;ne. Il accentue leur fonction de s&eacute;quences narratives destin&eacute;es &agrave; faire &eacute;merger une information &agrave; la surface le plus cr&ucirc;ment possible, et &eacute;vacue les rares d&eacute;tails pouvant introduire des significations annexes. Tandis que les images de <i>Man&egrave;ge <\/i>tournent dans le sens de la lecture des mots et de l&rsquo;heure, la dur&eacute;e de chaque r&eacute;cit et son degr&eacute; de dilution prennent le pas sur l&rsquo;action d&eacute;crite. &Agrave; leur nouvelle mani&egrave;re de passer, elles produisent l&rsquo;effet d&rsquo;&eacute;tonnement que nul n&rsquo;en attendait.<\/p>\n<p>Closky cartographie les &eacute;changes et les d&eacute;placements, l&rsquo;&eacute;conomie particuli&egrave;re de certaines repr&eacute;sentations o&ugrave; transite la question des &eacute;quivalences et des valeurs. Les transpositions d&rsquo;ordre formel qu&rsquo;il op&egrave;re y infl&eacute;chissent efficacement le coefficient du sens. La vid&eacute;o <i>Les Ao&ucirc;tiens <\/i>(1997) encha&icirc;ne des images publicitaires pour vacances dans un paysage &agrave; connotation m&eacute;diterran&eacute;enne. La suppression des textes modifie la densit&eacute; de l&rsquo;information, accentue l&rsquo;effet d&rsquo;une conjugaison de constantes et de variables. Les constantes sont trois couleurs, bleu, blanc et bronz&eacute;, les figures humaines sont uniform&eacute;ment jeunes et muscl&eacute;es. Les quelques variables, de faible amplitude, sont sexuelles et vestimentaires. Ce nivellement formel autorise des permutations de la surface sans variations du contenu, un encha&icirc;nement parfaitement huil&eacute; auquel Closky apporte une incidente au moment du fondu encha&icirc;n&eacute; : il a choisi le motif de la grille. La g&eacute;om&eacute;trisation des pixels vaporise les Cyclades en carrelage de salle de bains, le message coule du p&eacute;plum marin &agrave; l&rsquo;univers domestique petit-bourgeois. On sait que ce type d&rsquo;image, qui repose sur sa fonction et non sur l&rsquo;objet qu&rsquo;elle &eacute;voque, vise moins notre regard que notre compulsion de consommateur, mais la mani&egrave;re de le rappeler est assez dr&ocirc;le. L&rsquo;&eacute;conomie, dans l&rsquo;&eacute;tymologie grecque, c&rsquo;est la gestion des biens, et celle des &eacute;changes les concernant. Closky en ajoute un peu &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;conomie du transfert et les salari&eacute;s vis&eacute;s par les sc&egrave;nes d&rsquo;une Olympe aseptis&eacute;e se muent en usagers de salle de bains : condensation (bu&eacute;e) et d&eacute;placement (d&eacute;parts en vacances) sont au rendez-vous. Dans cet ordre d&rsquo;id&eacute;es, il n&rsquo;est peut-&ecirc;tre pas anodin que les deux s&eacute;ries de peintures, comme le papier peint Nasdaq, ou certaines vid&eacute;os, trouvent leur mod&egrave;le dans les pages &laquo; &eacute;conomie &raquo; de la presse. La premi&egrave;re s&eacute;rie, les &laquo; courbes &raquo;, reposait sur le principe de deux aplats de couleur s&eacute;par&eacute;s par un trait ascendant de gauche &agrave; droite. Aucun titre, aucune abscisse ni ordonn&eacute;e n&rsquo;indexe cette diagonale &agrave; une information pr&eacute;cise. Deux ans plus tard Closky r&eacute;it&egrave;re son geste, en d&eacute;calant l&eacute;g&egrave;rement son sujet et en passant d&rsquo;une s&eacute;quence (le trajet de la courbe) &agrave; une saisie fig&eacute;e (l&rsquo;&eacute;tat d&rsquo;une r&eacute;partition) sur un format qui fusionne plus &eacute;videmment avec la forme du mod&egrave;le.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"caption\"><span class=\"caption\"><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Manege_315_17.jpg', 'Claude Closky, Man&egrave;ge [Roundabout], 2006')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Manege_315_17.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Man&egrave;ge [Roundabout], 2006\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;Man&egrave;ge&#8217;, 2006,<br \/>installation vid&eacute;o, seize 32&quot; &eacute;cran plat, 16&#215;2 enceintes st&eacute;r&eacute;os, ordinateur, dimensions variables, dur&eacute;e illimit&eacute;<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Les aoutiens_07.jpg', 'Claude Closky, August vacation, 1997-1998')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Les aoutiens_07.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, Les ao&ucirc;tiens, 1997-1998\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;August vacation&#8217;, 1997-1998,<br \/>projecteur video, ordinateur, muet, boucle. Coproduction Centre pour l&#8217;image contemporaine Saint-Gervais, Gen&egrave;ve<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>vies ant&eacute;rieures<\/p>\n<p>Closky con&ccedil;oit ses peintures et beaucoup de ses dessins, impressions et vid&eacute;os au moyen d&rsquo;un vocabulaire visuel familier sur lequel notre opinion est faite. La r&eacute;putation de certaines images les pr&eacute;c&egrave;de, au m&ecirc;me titre que des lettres ou des mots. On attend d&rsquo;un sch&eacute;ma &eacute;conomique une vision d&rsquo;une exactitude factuelle, en un seul coup d&rsquo;oeil, dans laquelle les rapports apparaissent plus que les quantit&eacute;s en jeu, avec des informations aussi massives que t&ocirc;t p&eacute;rim&eacute;es. &Agrave; ces &eacute;l&eacute;ments de reconnaissance imm&eacute;diate s&rsquo;ajoute le commentaire explicite des l&eacute;gendes. Sur les tableaux, Closky suspend ces deux modes de lecture, annulant tout commentaire, implicite ou explicite, pour offrir &agrave; l&rsquo;image, en contrepartie de ce silence, un agrandissement consid&eacute;rable sur la toile. La succession de d&eacute;placements, de la page &agrave; la surface picturale, de l&rsquo;univers des m&eacute;dias &agrave; celui de la peinture abstraite et de l&rsquo;information au silence, alt&egrave;re sensiblement la vitesse du regard. <i>What I try to do (&#x2026;) is to (&#x2026;) sever the exclusive relationship which links (the representation) to its subject <\/i>[Ce que j&rsquo;essaye de faire, c&rsquo;est de rompre la relation exclusive qui lie la repr&eacute;sentation &agrave; son sujet]. Voil&agrave; la forme <i>d&eacute;tach&eacute;e, <\/i>qui n&rsquo;aurait plus de comptes &agrave; rendre &agrave; rien ni personne, puisque par ailleurs l&rsquo;obsolescence technique de la peinture en mati&egrave;re de repr&eacute;sentation semble l&rsquo;exclure des circuits dominants de la production du sens, et d&eacute;sormais la dispenser de tout discours majeur dans l&rsquo;art. Cette suppos&eacute;e obsolescence, ce d&eacute;nuement de la peinture face &agrave; la diversit&eacute; des formes de l&rsquo;art, contribuent au mirage qui fait d&rsquo;elle une &icirc;le lointaine et d&eacute;sirable.<\/p>\n<p>En r&eacute;alit&eacute;, la peinture est pr&eacute;c&eacute;d&eacute;e par sa r&eacute;putation. Celle, par exemple, que lui a faite le modernisme qui &eacute;vacuait figure et narration, assimilait la forme au fond et mesurait le progr&egrave;s en art au <i>prorata <\/i>de la sp&eacute;cification du m&eacute;dium. Au plan de la forme et de la proc&eacute;dure, les peintures de Closky nous renvoient, certes, &agrave; l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;aplat et de la fronti&egrave;re abstraction-figuration (de Matisse au <i>hard edge <\/i>ou au n&eacute;o g&eacute;o en passant par le pop jusqu&rsquo;&agrave; Olivier Mosset ou Sarah Morris, etc.) comme &agrave; celle du support (des disques de Delaunay aux cibles de Noland, sans oublier les tondos de Mosset et autres <i>shaped canvases <\/i>circulaires). Rien que de tr&egrave;s naturel, et la mani&egrave;re dont le pr&eacute;sent relie le pass&eacute; n&rsquo;annule pas la succession des faits. La singularit&eacute; du tableau dans un monde o&ugrave; l&rsquo;art s&rsquo;est depuis longtemps annex&eacute; les objets du quotidien et o&ugrave; le quotidien s&rsquo;est annex&eacute; les images, est une chose. Le silence absolu d&rsquo;un tableau qui ferait oublier tout mod&egrave;le, qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agisse des objets et du quotidien ou encore de l&rsquo;art et de l&rsquo;histoire, en est une autre, difficile &agrave; obtenir : &agrave; moins du prodigieux coup de d&eacute; qui nous d&eacute;livrerait des mod&egrave;les de la m&eacute;moire. Mais le hasard lui-m&ecirc;me est index&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;histoire dont il lance les d&eacute;s, et il est condamn&eacute; &agrave; constituer lui-m&ecirc;me un mod&egrave;le : <i>Representation (is) a fatality ! <\/i>On n&rsquo;en sort pas. La stricte autonomie de l&rsquo;oeuvre s&rsquo;accompagne des rires pr&eacute;enregistr&eacute;s du spectacle de son autonomisation, elle n&rsquo;ouvre pas vraiment sur la mat&eacute;rialit&eacute; lib&eacute;r&eacute;e de tout discours escompt&eacute;e un temps par le formalisme. La s&eacute;rie des <i>100 % Abstract <\/i>d&rsquo;Art &amp; Language stigmatisait le fait que toute tentative en ce sens ne parvenait qu&rsquo;&agrave; une tautologie, comme avec ce tableau de 1968 qui affiche le pourcentage des mati&egrave;res utilis&eacute;es pour l&rsquo;inscrire (Titanium calcium 83 % Silicates 17 %). La recette est la figure. La peinture reposant sur la forme n&rsquo;&eacute;mancipe pas la forme, elle la repr&eacute;sente.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"caption\"><span class=\"caption\"><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Art_&#038;_Language,_100__Abstract,_1968.jpg', 'Art &amp; Language, 100 % Abstract, 1968')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Art_&#038;_Language,_100__Abstract,_1968.jpg\" alt=\"Art &amp; Language, 100 % Abstract, 1968\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Art &amp; Language, &#8216;100 % Abstract&#8217;, 1968<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>silence tableau<\/p>\n<p><i>Plus beau <\/i>(2003-2005) est une installation vid&eacute;o interactive o&ugrave; chaque clic de la souris d&rsquo;un ordinateur mis &agrave; disposition du public reconfigure un &eacute;cran selon une disposition en damier. Les couleurs changent, l&rsquo;&eacute;chelle de la grille varie. L&rsquo;agencement est sommaire et les possibilit&eacute;s apparemment infinies, le titre indique une progression dans la satisfaction. En effet chaque composition effa&ccedil;ant la pr&eacute;c&eacute;dente &#8211; <i>replacing this relationship by a new one <\/i>&#8211; et nous pr&eacute;parant &agrave; celle qui vient, la r&eacute;putation de chaque image se fait de celles qui la pr&eacute;c&egrave;dent et qui ont nourri notre attente. Mais si l&rsquo;image est plus belle, c&rsquo;est pour deux raisons contradictoires. Parce que nous avons vu les pr&eacute;c&eacute;dentes, et parce qu&rsquo;elle nous les fait oublier. <i>Plus beau <\/i>table sur l&rsquo;h&eacute;sitation permanente entre l&rsquo;enregistrement de ce qui vient et la trace de ce qui a &eacute;t&eacute;, l&rsquo;instabilit&eacute; du connu et du nouveau (qui n&rsquo;est pas toujours l&rsquo;inconnu) &#8211; et stigmatise une r&eacute;incarnation constante et all&eacute;g&eacute;e du d&eacute;sir. Composition <i>in progress, <\/i>elle repose sur la nature &eacute;nigmatique de notre disponibilit&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;instant pr&eacute;sent.<\/p>\n<p><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Plus_beau_04_vernissage.jpg', 'Claude Closky, More Beautiful, 2002-2004')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Plus_beau_04_vernissage.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, More Beautiful, 2002-2004\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Plus_beau_03.jpg', 'Claude Closky, More Beautiful, 2002-2004')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Closky_Plus_beau_03.jpg\" alt=\"Claude Closky, More Beautiful, 2002-2004\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Claude Closky, &#8216;More Beautiful&#8217;, 2002-2004,<br \/>installation vid&eacute;o interactive, 2 ordinateurs, 2 souris, 2 tables, 2 projecteurs vid&eacute;os, dimensions variables.<\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;intitul&eacute; de la premi&egrave;re exposition des tondos, <i>Roue de la fortune, <\/i>renvoyait &agrave; une forme triviale du coup de d&eacute;, cette surprise permanente du r&eacute;el tant esp&eacute;r&eacute;e dans l&rsquo;art, mais le contenu passait par le &laquo; ralenti &raquo; de la peinture soulign&eacute; par une gestuelle non spectaculaire et des compositions pr&eacute;vues d&rsquo;avance. La formule sugg&eacute;rait &eacute;galement une co&iuml;ncidence inattendue entre la neutralit&eacute; g&eacute;om&eacute;trique de la surface picturale et les al&eacute;as de la chance. Rappelons que <i>Roue de la fortune, <\/i>qui &eacute;voque l&rsquo;arbitraire des variations de l&rsquo;&eacute;conomie et des finances, est le titre d&rsquo;un jeu populaire et d&rsquo;une &eacute;mission culte de la t&eacute;l&eacute;vision des ann&eacute;es 1970. Soyons clairs, Closky n&rsquo;avait rien r&eacute;alis&eacute; au hasard, ni ces tableaux, ni ces caviardages de billets de loto devenus paradigmes de la grille abstraite moderniste. Il en avait tr&egrave;s soigneusement programm&eacute; l&rsquo;intervention dans les pi&egrave;ces de l&rsquo;exposition de Gen&egrave;ve, nous rappelant que <i>la roue tourne <\/i>: &agrave; 360&deg;, &agrave; 100 %. Car si le hasard n&rsquo;a pas de forme, il n&rsquo;est pas non plus le chaos. Dans les jeux qui portent son nom, il est dispos&eacute; par des r&egrave;gles strictes. En art, on parle des &laquo; lois du hasard &raquo;, qui ont fourni des automates &agrave; des artistes d&eacute;sireux de se lib&eacute;rer de leurs propres automatismes, comme les &eacute;poux Taeuber-Arp en 1917, plus tard John Cage, Fran&ccedil;ois Morellet ou Ellsworth Kelly. C&rsquo;est Cage qui a conseill&eacute; &agrave; Kelly, alors en s&eacute;jour en France et qu&rsquo;il rencontre &agrave; Paris, de regarder les collages d&eacute;cid&eacute;s par le hasard chez Arp &agrave; Meudon. Le jeune Am&eacute;ricain cherchait un moyen pour &eacute;chapper aux figures qui persistaient &agrave; surgir dans ses compositions abstraites. Encombr&eacute; de sa fascination pour Picasso et Matisse, Kelly multipliait les strat&eacute;gies pour produire un art &laquo; impersonnel &raquo; et mettre au monde des formes qui ne disent pas leur nom. Le hasard, sous l&rsquo;esp&egrave;ce de l&rsquo;al&eacute;atoire, sera l&rsquo;une de ces strat&eacute;gies, comme le ch&acirc;ssis d&eacute;coup&eacute; qu&rsquo;il d&eacute;veloppe au m&ecirc;me moment que Frank Stella &agrave; New York. Le <i>shaped canvas <\/i>assorti au <i>all-over <\/i>a l&rsquo;avantage d&rsquo;&eacute;vacuer la composante traditionnelle de la repr&eacute;sentation, celle d&rsquo;un fond d&eacute;signant une figure sur la surface. Et pour &eacute;chapper &agrave; cette omnipr&eacute;sence de la figure, Fran&ccedil;ois Morellet, que Kelly rencontre &agrave; la m&ecirc;me &eacute;poque, flirtait pr&eacute;cocement avec l&rsquo;art conceptuel et utilisait des syst&egrave;mes pr&eacute;&eacute;tablis pour r&eacute;gir ses compositions. Il le faisait bien avant sa s&eacute;rie de 1961, <i>R&eacute;partition al&eacute;atoire de 40 000 carr&eacute;s, <\/i>dont les titres pr&eacute;cisent chaque fois le pourcentage de la r&eacute;partition des deux couleurs utilis&eacute;es au gr&eacute; de la succession des pairs et impairs des num&eacute;ros de l&rsquo;annuaire t&eacute;l&eacute;phonique. Le hasard est un excellent outil pour travailler les codes, la r&eacute;p&eacute;tition, la hi&eacute;rarchie ou la loi, et pour perturber habitudes et lectures. Son atout, c&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;il ne v&eacute;hicule aucun discours, c&rsquo;est un op&eacute;rateur de <i>d&eacute;tachement, <\/i>une fonction &laquo; main libre &raquo;. Les r&egrave;glements et les contraintes, les codes et les hi&eacute;rarchies qui peuplent notre existence font partie des mati&egrave;res premi&egrave;res de Closky qui s&rsquo;amuse &agrave; en diluer l&rsquo;intensit&eacute;. Ici, la dispersion des facteurs de d&eacute;cision ajoute des embrayages dans une cha&icirc;ne de production tr&egrave;s vaste &#8211; vid&eacute;o, livres, impressions num&eacute;riques, dessins&#x2026; &#8211; o&ugrave; l&rsquo;artiste perturbe l&rsquo;ordre des connexions et substitue en effet &laquo; la relation exclusive qui lie un signe au sujet trait&eacute; par une autre, tout aussi exclusive, avec lui-m&ecirc;me &raquo;.<\/p>\n<p>Le fait que l&rsquo;apparence vienne en premier ne la limite pas aux seules apparences. Closky sait que sa mani&egrave;re de faire a un sens, que la technique qu&rsquo;il choisit d&eacute;livre un discours (que les formes se renvoient les unes aux autres plus s&ucirc;rement qu&rsquo;&agrave; ce qu&rsquo;elles contiennent). Chez lui pas de virtuosit&eacute; manuelle qui &eacute;quivaudrait &agrave; une manifestation d&rsquo;assurance, au double sens du terme ; pas d&rsquo;effacement des proc&eacute;dures de fabrication qui donnerait &agrave; l&rsquo;objet final un caract&egrave;re d&rsquo;&eacute;vidence, une autorit&eacute; ; pas de maladresses d&rsquo;ex&eacute;cution qui mettraient l&rsquo;accent sur l&rsquo;auteur et sa signature. En revanche le d&eacute;tournement d&rsquo;&eacute;l&eacute;ments existants a un pouvoir de d&eacute;signation : de leur sph&egrave;re d&rsquo;origine, qui n&rsquo;est pas l&rsquo;art, et par extension de l&rsquo;absence dont ils proc&egrave;dent pour devenir de l&rsquo;art. Le retard, le silence des figures d&eacute;plac&eacute;es renvoie &agrave; la fronti&egrave;re entre l&rsquo;art et ce qui n&rsquo;en est pas, mais aussi &agrave; l&rsquo;&eacute;cart entre la pr&eacute;sence des choses et leur repr&eacute;sentation, leur nom et l&rsquo;anonymat de leur forme. Ce mutisme relatif n&rsquo;&eacute;vacue pas pour autant la <i>mim&eacute;sis <\/i>des tableaux, o&ugrave; l&rsquo;on finit toujours par voir quelque chose &#8211; car m&ecirc;me si les formats et les signes qui nous entourent s&rsquo;articulent plus avec eux-m&ecirc;mes qu&rsquo;&agrave; leur contenu, la repr&eacute;sentation <i>est <\/i>une fatalit&eacute;.<\/p>\n<p><a onclick=\"creeFenetre('https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Francois_Morrelet,_Repartition_aleatoire_de_40_000.jpg', 'Fran&ccedil;ois Morellet, R&eacute;partition al&eacute;atoire de 40 000 carr&eacute;s, 50 % noir, 50 % blanc, 1961')\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.closky.info\/images\/Francois_Morrelet,_Repartition_aleatoire_de_40_000.jpg\" alt=\"Fran&ccedil;ois Morellet, R&eacute;partition al&eacute;atoire de 40 000 carr&eacute;s, 50 % noir, 50 % blanc, 1961\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"caption\">Fran&ccedil;ois Morellet, &#8216;R&eacute;partition al&eacute;atoire de 40 000 carr&eacute;s, 50 % noir, 50 % blanc&#8217;, 1961<br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Closky revient &agrave; la peinture en l&rsquo;articulant comme des mots, en fait un vocabulaire de surface, et joue donc avec quelques fausses platitudes sur la plan&eacute;it&eacute; et pas mal d&rsquo;humour. La pratique picturale est devenue depuis un si&egrave;cle une d&eacute;marcation significative dans l&rsquo;art, aux plans th&eacute;orique et &eacute;conomique. D&eacute;clar&eacute;e morte, elle se r&eacute;incarne avec constance, et m&ecirc;me si elle constitue aujourd&rsquo;hui une forme artistique parmi d&rsquo;autres, sa long&eacute;vit&eacute; en fait un indice majeur de la sp&eacute;culation en art, au sens propre et au sens figur&eacute;. Closky proc&egrave;de avec elle comme lorsqu&rsquo;il &laquo; nettoie &raquo; des photographies ou des vid&eacute;os, des textes ou des listes de mots qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;approprie pour en faire les &eacute;l&eacute;ments d&rsquo;un autre langage. Apr&egrave;s tout, ce domaine financier o&ugrave; les deux s&eacute;ries prennent leur source permet peut-&ecirc;tre &eacute;galement de les envisager comme des figures de <i>tableaux <\/i>au sens comptable du terme, o&ugrave; s&rsquo;&eacute;tablirait un examen n&eacute;cessairement superficiel et &eacute;l&eacute;mentaire de quelques usages de la peinture. &Agrave; ceci pr&egrave;s qu&rsquo;aux questions de l&rsquo;&eacute;tendue spatiale, des modes de production, de la possibilit&eacute; d&rsquo;agir, ne sont offertes aucune abscisse ni ordonn&eacute;e. &Agrave; l&rsquo;inverse des <i>100 % Abstract, exit <\/i>la l&eacute;gende, le commentaire, et m&ecirc;me les num&eacute;raires. Et &agrave; la diff&eacute;rence des <i>40 000 carr&eacute;s <\/i>de Morellet, aucun syst&egrave;me n&rsquo;annonce la couleur. Pourtant, les tondos ne peuvent &eacute;viter le terrain de la connaissance et de l&rsquo;histoire qu&rsquo;ils affichent arbitrairement. &Agrave; la d&eacute;stabilisation des significations, habituelle chez cet artiste, la surface peinte ajoute une apparence de stabilit&eacute;, mat&eacute;rielle et historique.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>bab&eacute;lisation des signes<\/p>\n<p>La pratique prolifique de Closky tend &agrave; consid&eacute;rer la circulation des signes comme une forme obs&eacute;dante de la r&eacute;alit&eacute;. Il se d&eacute;place entre le pop, l&rsquo;art conceptuel, et le versant plastique des exp&eacute;riences avec les mots, de Hains &agrave; Filliou, d&rsquo;un peu de Fluxus &agrave; tr&egrave;s peu d&rsquo;Oulipo, en passant certainement par Morellet auquel il a rendu visite lorsqu&rsquo;il a commenc&eacute; ses premiers dessins et livres. En se pr&eacute;occupant moins du contenu des signes d&rsquo;usage ou de leur discours, que de l&rsquo;usage des signes, Closky prolonge une ligne qui passe par Duchamp et surtout Broodthaers. Comme eux, il travaille avec tout ce qui nous fait croire ou non &agrave; ce que figurent les mots et les images, voir ou non la forme qu&rsquo;ils prennent, ou la forme qu&rsquo;ils donnent &agrave; ce qu&rsquo;ils disent ou d&eacute;crivent, etc. L&rsquo;assertion du sens, ou d&rsquo;un savoir sur une quelconque v&eacute;rit&eacute;, n&rsquo;est pas son probl&egrave;me. Il bab&eacute;lise les langues, remet dans le circuit des formes recharg&eacute;es de leur capacit&eacute; d&rsquo;ambivalence : le tondo est en r&eacute;alit&eacute; un <i>shaped canvas <\/i>qui a aussi la forme du tondo, ou encore celle d&rsquo;une vis&eacute;e monoculaire, d&rsquo;une cible, etc. Les tableaux sont &agrave; la fois des choses et des signes. Un signe ou une forme peuvent &ecirc;tre invariables, la langue ou l&rsquo;art leur offrent des entr&eacute;es multiples. Leur transparence n&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;un leurre. La roue tourne.<\/p>\n<p>Lire, ou regarder, ne nous donne pas toujours acc&egrave;s &agrave; des messages, mais nous convoque &agrave; de nouvelles possibilit&eacute;s d&rsquo;articulation du visible, &agrave; d&rsquo;infimes mouvements d&rsquo;&eacute;cart et de rapprochement des significations. L&rsquo;art reconfigure et d&eacute;lie des syst&egrave;mes et des langues, les replace dans le statut probl&eacute;matique du vivant. Et le mouvement des langues et des signes d&eacute;place ceux qui les parlent et les lisent.<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"franchor4\" name=\"franchor4\"><\/a>En alt&eacute;rant des syst&egrave;mes, Closky diff&egrave;re la fatalit&eacute; de la repr&eacute;sentation et met le vif du <i>sujet <\/i>sur le tapis : une articulation entre l&rsquo;autorit&eacute; de la peinture, son format, les sp&eacute;culations qui la font encore vivre, les diagrammes capables d&rsquo;investir ce territoire, l&rsquo;&eacute;conomie qui la distrait de ne parler que d&rsquo;elle. Faites vos jeux : dans le partage des parts entre techniques, r&eacute;f&eacute;rents et les diff&eacute;rents r&eacute;gimes auxquels ils appartiennent, transite le statut des signes et des choses qu&rsquo;ils deviennent, mais pas seulement. Au final, quelque chose nous regarde dans le tableau. &laquo; Quant au livre int&eacute;rieur de signes inconnus [&#x2026;] pour la lecture desquels personne ne pouvait m&rsquo;aider d&rsquo;aucune r&egrave;gle, cette lecture consistait en un acte de cr&eacute;ation o&ugrave; nul ne peut nous suppl&eacute;er ni m&ecirc;me collaborer avec nous <a href=\"#fr4\">[4]<\/a> &raquo;<i>.<\/i><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"fr1\" name=\"fr1\"><\/a>[1] <a href=\"#franchor1\">Ce texte est publi&eacute; dans le cadre de l&rsquo;exposition &laquo; Pictograms &#8211; The Loneliness of Signs &raquo;, Kunstmuseum Stuttgart, 2006, p. 230.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"fr2\" name=\"fr2\"><\/a>[2] <a href=\"#franchor2\">Les <i>Ripoulins<\/i>.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"fr3\" name=\"fr3\"><\/a>[3] <a href=\"#franchor3\">La <i>surface de r&eacute;paration <\/i>en football est la partie du terrain sur laquelle une faute peut entra&icirc;ner un penalty, une r&eacute;paration de la faute.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"fr4\" name=\"fr4\"><\/a>[4] <a href=\"#franchor4\">Marcel Proust, &laquo; Le Temps retrouv&eacute; &raquo;, <i>&Agrave; la recherche du temps perdu<\/i>, t. III, Paris, Gallimard, Biblioth&egrave;que de la Pl&eacute;iade, 1954, p. 879.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lire la version originale en fran&ccedil;ais UNTITLED The paintings of Claude Closky Marie Muracciole Editions M19, Paris, 2007. Translated from French by Gail de Courcy-Ireland wheel of fortune There are ten paintings, two in black and white. They are disks, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/?p=10012\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[3,4,5,6],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10012"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10012"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10012\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ww.closky.info\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}